[Exodus - General]

Excavations made in Egypt show that it was about this time when the government of Egypt was revolutionized. In Joseph's time, and for quite awhile before, it had been governed by what were known as the Hyksos, or shepherd kings-supposed to have been invaders and not of pure Egyptian stock. The revolution brought in a change of dynasty, supposed to have been commenced with Rameses I. It is quite generally claimed amongst scholars that Rameses II was the Pharaoh who specially harried the Israelites in the endeavor to prevent their increase in numbers and influence, and his son Menephtah I is supposed to have been the Pharaoh reigning at the time of the exodus of the Israelites. Rameses II is credited with having been the most wonderful builder of great edifices of his time. It is doubtless in connection with these that the Israelites were so rigorously treated. R3982:3

The book of Exodus takes up and continues history from the point where it is left in Genesis, with an express reference to what had been related in that book. R1623:2 Israel's history began with the death of Jacob. SM401:1 From the time Jacob entered Egypt until the time of the exodus was 215 years. R3982:3 A memorial of the first rank with the Israelites is the Passover. It celebrates one of the most momentous chapters in their history; it is associated with their national birth. OV93:1

As preceding lessons showed us how God prepared a place for his people in Egypt and transported them thither and planted them in the best of the land and gave them great temporal prosperity during the lifetime of the first generation, we now come to view them under another course of instruction-this time in the school of adversity. R1650:3 Our God is abundantly able to make all of life's experiences work to our advantage and his word is sure to fulfillment in its due time. Had Rameses adopted a different policy in dealing with Israel they might have forgotten the promise of God which indicated the exact time in which their deliverance from Egypt would come. R2901:4, R3983:4 Israel's experiences of tribulation and bondage in Egypt were probably necessary to prepare them for God's great proposition-that they should keep the Law and as a reward have life everlasting. SM209:3 When God called Israel as a nation out of Egypt it was under the provision that he would make a covenant with them through Moses. SM69:1

This chapter in the history of God's ancient people is an illustration of the power and wisdom and love of God. And it is a warning to beware of undertaking to contend with the Almighty. No matter how weak or insignificant or poor or despised among men may be the subjects of his care, the hand that is lifted against them defies the power of Jehovah and shall surely come to grief. The deliverance of typical Israel from Egypt illustrates the deliverance from sin and its bondage of all who desire to be God's servants and to have the promised blessing as it shall be fulfilled in the utter destruction of all the systems born of sin and selfishness which would hinder human prosperity and advancement toward God. R1657:2

The New Creation has a still deeper interest in those matters which occurred in Egypt, in view of the fact that the Lord has revealed to them the "mystery" that those things which happened unto natural Israel were intended to typify and foreshadow still grander things in the divine plan respecting spiritual Israel. F457

The order of events in the exodus types is significant; they are fulfilled in the same order by the "Prophet like unto Moses" in the antitype. (Summary of events and fulfillments.) R1321-R1324*
Skeptics' arguments re the exodus refuted. R2900:3, R2919:2, R3983:2, R3996:4

[Exod. 1:1]

Which came into Egypt — The book of Exodus takes up with an express reference to what has been related in Genesis. R1623:2

[Exod. 1:5]

And all the souls — Nephesh, intelligent beings. E342; R1510:2 A living soul or being can propagate other souls or beings—offspring. E342; R1510:2

Out of the loins — Children are of the father, by the mother, as illustrated in Christ's birth.E99; R776:5
Jacob passed on life, organism and soul, to his posterity. HG333:1

Seventy souls — All males except two, Dinah and Sarah. The females of the company, not included in the count, may have been as many more. Additionally, there may have been servants. R2900:2, R3982:2

[Exod. 1:6]

Joseph died — 73 years after the coming of his father and brethren to dwell in Egypt. R3982:2

[Exod. 1:7]

Were fruitful — Noteworthy, since Isaac was the only child of his mother, since Jacob was born after repeated prayers, and since Rachel was long unfruitful. R2900:2

Increased abundantly — Heb., "swarming." If the population doubled every 15 years, as it did at one time in North America, the increase of 70 men with their wives would amount to 2,293,760 in 200 years. R2900:5
A miracle which did not continue, for 40 years later, when entering Canaan, their male forces numbered less than when they left Egypt. HG362:3

The land — Of Goshen. R2900:2

[Exod. 1:8]

A new king — A new dynasty-a change in the royal family through insurrection or otherwise. R2900:5, R3982:3 Supposed to have been Rameses II, a hard-hearted, selfish despot. R5250:3
In Joseph's time; and before Egypt had been governed by Hyksos, or shepherd kings, supposed to have been invaders and not of pure Egyptian stock. R3982:3
The change of dynasty commenced with Rameses I, Rameses II being the Pharaoh who harried the Israelites, and his son, Menephtah 1, the Pharaoh of the exodus. R3982:3, R3994:2
The mummy of Rameses II was found in 1881 and was exhibited in a museum near the pyramid in 1892. R2900:6

Knew not Joseph — Ignored his services to Egypt and the tentative covenant with the Israelites. R5250:3, R1650:6

[Exod. 1:9]

More and mightier — Considered them a menace. An invading army might bribe them and thus the rule of the Pharaohs be overthrown. R5250:3

[Exod. 1:11]

To afflict them — Which, it was hoped, would weaken them. R5250:6
Not to destroy nor drive them off, but merely to hold them in check, R2900:6
As a wise father, God foresaw that too much prosperity would be greatly to their disadvantage. R1651:4

Built for Pharaoh — Rameses II. His mummy was found in 1881. R2900:6

Pithom — This city, twelve miles west of Ismalia, was discovered in 1883, enclosed by walls of unbaked brick, the lower courses of which are of well made brick with chopped straw in them. Higher up the straw is long and scanty and the last courses have no straw at all, but have sedges, rushes and water plants. R3983:2, R5264:1,R2910:6

[Exod. 1:12]

And grew — Not only zeal, but numbers also increase under persecutions and difficulties. R2901:5

[Exod. 1:14]

Their lives bitter — In Central Africa many natives impressed into public service after this manner have committed suicide rather than labor unrewarded. R3983:1

With hard bondage — Not that all the Israelites were compelled to engage in brick making, but that there were drafts or conscriptions from time to time. R2901:1
Typifying the bondage of sin. R1652:5
Solomon similarly oppressed the Israelites, though not with the same degree of severity and rigor, in conjunction with his public building program. R3982:5, R2901:2

All manner of service — Implying that the Israelites, a pastoral people, were compelled to learn all the trades and occupations of their masters. Being forced into an industrial school in the foremost civilization of that day was useful training. R5264:1

All their service — Our present experiences and trials are designed to work in us the "peaceable fruits of righteousness." (Heb. 12:11)R5264:4

Was with rigour — Tended to bind them in sympathy more closely together as one nation, impressing upon them their Abrahamic heritage. R3983:4
Taught them valuable lessons of humility and patience, of dependence upon God. R1650:6
So the trials and adversities of spiritual Israel tend to draw them nearer to each other and to the Lord. R2901:4

[Exod. 1:16]

Kill him — Satan thus tried to frustrate the prophecies of God and to destroy the channel through which the seed was to come. R5848:1*

[Exod. 2:1]

Went a man — Amram, which signifies "noble people." R2902:3

A daughter — Jochebed, which signifies "Jehovah is glorious." R2902:3

[Exod. 2:2]

Bare a son — Moses' humble birth, as one of an enslaved race, would naturally incline him to humility. R1651:3

That he was — As a natural result of favorable pre-natal influence. R1671:3

A goodly child — Like the Apostle Paul, Moses seems to have been chosen even before he was born. R1651:1, R1671:6
Stephen says he was "exceedingly fair." (Acts 7:20) Josephus says he was so handsome that passers-by would turn to gaze after him. R3987:6
Beautiful. As careful breeding affects the lower animals, so also it is potent in respect to humanity. R5251:1

[Exod. 2:3]

Laid It in the flags — They probably knew of the custom of the Egyptian princess to resort to that spot, or they may have been guided by a dream. R5251:3

[Exod. 2:4]

And his sister — Miriam was born about nine years before Moses. R3987:6

[Exod. 2:5]

Daughter of Pharaoh — Supposed to have been Neferari, the wife of Rameses II and daughter of the preceding monarch. R2903:1
A married woman, but childless. R3988:1

At the river — Probably Memphis, near the present site of Cairo, under the shadow of the pyramids. R3988:1

[Exod. 2:8]

Pharaoh's daughter said — It is probable that the princess perceived the ruse and cooperated, believing that the little one might as well have its own mother as caretaker. R5251:4

[Exod. 2:10]

She brought him — Probably when he was 7 or 12 years old, by which time the parents would have instructed the boy in respect to the Abrahamic promises. R2903:1

Became her son — God gave Moses just the kind of education he needed for his work-earliest years under training of godly parents, the remainder of the first 40 years under the most favorable education of his day, the 40 years of retirement for mellowing and refining his character. R1651:3

His name Moses — Supposedly derived from the Coptic, Mo (water) and uses (saved out of it) Some translate "born from the water."R5251:5, R3988:2

[Exod. 2:11]

When Moses was grown — Moses believed that the time had come for the deliverance. He was ready and anxious to begin that work. He knew not of his own unreadiness. F5252:3
He was 40 years old. R1651:6

That he went out — Typifying that Christ, "though he was rich, yet for our sakes he became poor." (2 Cor. 8:9) R4058:2
Typifying how Christ left the glory of the heavenly condition, took a bondsman's form as a man, and came to deliver his brethren from bondage. (Phil. 2:6-8 Diaglott) R4058:2

Unto his brethren — Refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter. (Heb. 11:24) R2909:1
He would inspire his people with confidence in him by showing them that his sympathies were with them and that he could be relied upon as their leader. R5252:3

[Exod. 2:12]

Slew the Egyptian — How many would be inclined to console themselves with the thought that they were not directly responsible for the injustices whose profits they enjoy. R2909:1

[Exod. 2:14]

And he said — Typifying how Christ "came unto his own, and his own received him not." (John 1:11) R4058:2, R2909:3

Who made thee — There was no such loyalty among his brethren as he had expected. R5252:4
They had not wished his services and had rather resented his interference. R5419:1

[Exod. 2:15]

Moses fled — Fearing for his life. It looked as though all his years of education and development had gone to waste. Moses was now thoroughly crestfallen, meek, tractable, teachable. R5252:4
But Moses, believing the promises, esteemed "the reproaches of Christ greater riches than the treasures of Egypt, for he had respect unto the recompense of the reward." R2909:2
Often spiritual Israelites find their efforts for good rejected and coveted opportunities for the Lord turned away; yet these very lessons fit us for future usefulness. R2909:5

The land of Midian — Typifying the far country, even heaven itself, to which our Jesus went after his rejection by his people. R4058:2

[Exod. 2:17]

Moses stood up — Full of the instinct of justice R5252:4

Helped them — His natural nobleness and training made him chivalrous in the defense of women. R2909:3

[Exod. 2:21]

Content to dwell — A humble shepherd for 40 years, learning a most important lesson of meekness, of full submission to the divine will. A very severe lesson for one not yet understanding God's providences in his affairs. R5252:5, R1651:4, R2909:4

Zipporah his daughter — Typifying the Bride of Christ, chosen from among the Gentiles. R1651:6
Being an African, a black, the sons would, of course, be mulattoes. R2909:4

[Exod. 2:22]

Bare him a son — Being mulatto, he would have less respect among the Israelites and there would be less tendency to establish a rulership in the family line. R2909:5

[Exod. 3:1]

Now Moses — Now 80 years of age. R5418:3
Perhaps not accidental that Moses' career was divided into two equal periods-40 years of Egyptian training followed by 40 years absence; typical of Israel's double of 1845 years. R2909:6, R1651:6

Kept the flock — His wandering as a shepherd in the wilderness for 40 years made him thoroughly familiar with the terrain; a great advantage to him later as leader of Israel through this wilderness. R5418:6

[Exod. 3:2]

The angel of the LORD — This honored messenger was undoubtedly our Lord Jesus in his pre-human estate. E43

Appeared — There is no reason to suppose that Moses saw the Lord. This is one of the evidences that a spirit being can be present, yet invisible. R155:2*

In a flame of fire — Very little is known of the nature of a spirit body, but the appearing as fire, etc., seems to be their own peculiar glory as they actually are. HG28:4
In an impressive manner to give Moses courage and confidence in his mission. PD32
Our Lord might have so appeared to his disciples after his resurrection, but the evidence thus given would have been far from being as convincing as the method he did adopt. B124

Midst of a bush — Supposedly a thorn-bush which sometimes grows to quite a height, known as shittim wood— the kind of wood used in the construction of the Tabernacle. R3989:5

Behold, the bush — Illustrating the experience of Christ and all of his members. R3989:6
A demonstration of divine power-to establish the faith of his servant. R2910:4, R1652:1

Burned with fire — Representing the fiery trials to which the Lord's people are subject. R3989:6

Bush was not consumed — Spiritual Israel must behold the Lord as the great light, that his justice is as a consuming fire; but that, through Christ, he grants us to see the light without being consumed thereby. R2910:5

[Exod. 3:5]

Put off thy shoes — Even Moses, the "meekest man in all the earth," needed from the Lord as his first instruction a lesson in humility. R3990:1

Is holy ground— "God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him." (Psa 89:7) R2002:2

[Exod. 3:6]

I am the God of — This surely meant that Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were to be resurrected. PD32 R5611:4
God reminded him of the special covenant which he had made with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob for an everlasting covenant, thus assuring Moses that God had not forgotten the good things which he had promised. R5261:5

Hid his face — Moses covered his face in reverence. R5261:5

[Exod. 3:7]

Seen the affliction — Just as he has seen the affliction of his people in all ages under the reign of sin. R3990:2

[Exod. 3:8]

I am come down — Showing the relationship between the Lord's coming now and the gathering of the Church. R155:3*

To deliver them — The Lord assures us, too, that he is both able and willing to grant deliverance at the appropriate time. R3990:2
The deliverance did not take place immediately, nor did the deliverance of the Church take place immediately after the second advent of Christ. R155:3*

[Exod. 3:10]

Pharaoh — Type of Satan. R5273:2, R5419:5; F458

Out of Egypt — Satan's dominion of sin and death. R5643:1, R5273:1; F458

[Exod. 3:11]

Who am I — All the people of God who would be useful and used in his service must learn this lesson: "Without me ye can do nothing." (John 15:5) R2910:2
Moses was so distrustful of himself that even when called of the Lord he apologized, pleading his unfitness. He did not realize that he only then became fit. R5261:2
His 40 years in Midian had taught Moses meekness and distrust of his ability. He felt the magnitude of the undertaking and of his own insufficiency. R5418:6, R1652:1,R2910:2

[Exod. 3:12]

I will be with thee — The Lord assured Moses that he himself would be responsible. R5419:1, R5262:1
Encouragement for every true servant of the Lord who humbly relies upon his promises while striving to walk in the ways of his appointment. R1652:1
If God be for us, and if God be with us, who can prevail against us? (Rom. 8:31) R2910:1
Like Moses, we must learn that it is not our work but God's work; not our power or ability but the divine power working in and through us. R2909:6

Brought forth the — Moses was a great leader, as well as the meekest of men. SM379:1

Upon this mountain — That very mountain, "the mount of God," to worship him there. R5262:1

[Exod. 3:14]

I AM THAT I AM — These words signify the same as the name Jehovah-the self-existent one, the one who always exists. From the same root as "Jehovah." R3990:6, R5262:1, R1052:5*, R5217:3

[Exod. 3:15]

Thus shalt thou say — Moses represented the entire priestly class and the tribe of Levi in his various functions as Mediator between God and the nation. R4390:1

[Exod. 3:17]

Bring you up out of — Representing the call of God's children to come out from the world and to engage in his worship. T25

[Exod. 3:22]

Shall borrow — Shaal, asked, requested, begged. R1657:6, R2911:5, R3996:3

[Exod. 4:1]

Will not believe me — Moses was distrustful of his ability and was fearful and reluctant. R5419:1

[Exod. 4:2]

What Is that in thine hand? — God can use our humblest talent to his praise. If, then, we would serve, we should look to see what we have in our hands. R5419:2

A rod — Signifying divine authority. R4058:4
A special manifestation of divine power and rule. R5419:5

[Exod. 4:3]

Became a serpent — Symbolizing that all the evil there is in the world is the result of God's having let go of his rod of authority temporarily. R4058:4
Those things closest to us might become injurious except for God's power to overrule. R5419:2
Antitype may be that the power of God may appear to be evil. Evil has seemed to triumph for these 6000 years. R5419:5

[Exod. 4:4]

Put forth his hand — Typifying God's purpose to lay hold upon present evil conditions. R4058:4

It became a rod — Typifying the re-establishment of divine authority. R4058:4
Representing God's power to turn evil things into good things through the operation of faith. R2910:4, R5419:3
From this we should realize that of ourselves we could accomplish nothing. R5419:2

[Exod. 4:6]

He put his hand — Leprosy is a symbol of sin. Divine power was first manifested without sin or imperfection or blemish (in Jesus Christ); secondly, that the same divine power, hidden for a time, was afterward manifest in sin and imperfection (in his Body members) and thirdly, that the same divine power, hidden again for a time, will subsequently be manifest without sin (in the glorified Christ) R4059:2

[Exod. 4:7]

Was turned again — By and by the Church is to be received into his bosom and "changed" in the first resurrection. R4059:3

As his other flesh — Be used again of the Lord as his agent in stretching forth his rod and bringing forth the plagues, and delivering the residue of God's people. R4059:3

[Exod. 4:8]

Voice of the first sign — Literature on the subject of "Why evil was permitted" has been circulated to the extent of millions of copies throughout the world ever since the year 1879. R4058:6

Voice of the latter sign — The sign of the leprous hand-the "Millennial Dawn" series of volumes (later called "Studies in the Scriptures") the first of which was published in 1886. In these books the relationship between justification, sanctification and deliverance is distinctly shown. R4059:4

[Exod. 4:9]

Water of the river — The truth, as contained in millions of pages of tracts, poured upon the symbolic earth, society, liberally on many lands and in many languages. R4059:6

Upon the dry land — Typifying society. R4059:5

Shall become blood — To society the truth seems repulsive, undesirable, bloody. They not only view the typical sacrifices as bloody but they resent the thought that the antitypical sacrifice for sins was the death (blood) of Christ. R4060:1

[Exod. 4:10]

I am not eloquent — Moses was so meek that he could not realize that with divine help he would be successful. R5262:2

[Exod. 4:11]

Have not I — He is the author of all life and indirectly our Creator. R2902:2

[Exod. 4:12]

I will be with thy mouth — So God declares to the humble ones now; that having no confidence in ourselves, we should have every confidence in God. R5262:4

[Exod. 4:16]

And he — Aaron represents the Royal Priesthood still in the flesh, still sacrificing. R4058:3

Be thy spokesman — The Lord Jesus does not address himself to the true Israelites in person now, but through a mouthpiece. R4058:3

Unto the people — All true Israelites. R4058:3

Be to him instead of God — Moses was to be like God unto Aaron in that he would tell Aaron what he should say and do. Q498:5
Moses, not Aaron, was the one competent for the great work because of his schooling. Aaron was his servant, or mouthpiece, speaking only as authorized by Moses in whom, because of his meekness, God was reposing the responsibility. R5262:4, R4537:1; PD32

[Exod. 4:21]

Harden his heart — It was God's goodness that hardened Pharaoh. When the Lord relieved the people and the land from one plague, Pharaoh concluded that it was past and that perhaps no more would come; and so, step by step, God's mercy led him further and further in his hostility. F176; PD33 R2911:2, R4703:1

[Exod. 4:22]

Israel is my son — "Out of Egypt have I called my son." R1681:6

[Exod. 4:26]

The circumcision — Symbolizing a cutting off, a separation from the flesh, its aims, hopes and desires. R3022:3

[Exod. 4:27]

Said to Aaron — Representing the sacrificial work of Christ as the Priest. The sons of Aaron represented the Church. R4011:3

Into the wilderness — The meeting of Moses and Aaron seems to symbolize the beginning of the Gospel age. R4011:3

To meet Moses — Moses represented the future work of Christ as the leader and commander of the people. The Church was also typically represented in the body of Moses. R4011:3

Met him — Aaron meeting Moses represents a company meeting Christ in the Kingdom. R82:2*

The mount of God — Mount Horeb, one of the peaks of Mt. Sinai. R4011:3

[Exod. 5:2]

And Pharaoh — Supposed to have been Menephtah. R3994:2 Type of Satan. R5273:2, R5419:5; F458

I know not the LORD — Moses was met with derision. It was a time of testing to the faith, not only of Moses and Aaron, but of all Israelites. R5263:6
He considered the sun god of the Egyptians the powerful one. R5271:5

[Exod. 5:7]

Straw for themselves — One of the cities built by the Hebrews that has been discovered is the Egyptian city of Pithom, discovered in 1883. It corroborates the Biblical narrative with increasingly inferior bricks being used on upper courses. R3983:3

[Exod. 5:9]

More work — Thus their tasks were practically doubled. But by these very bitter experiences the people were all the more prepared to welcome liberty. Similarly, we should appreciate the privilege of being set free from the power of sin and death and of being inducted into God's family. R5263:6

[Exod. 5:12]

The land of Egypt — Satan's dominion of sin and death. R5643:1, R5273:1; F458

[Exod. 5:17]

He said, Ye are idle — As some of the hard-hearted will doubtless say to the poor in the coming time of trouble. A336

[Exod. 6:3]

God Almighty — Hebrew, El Shaddai. R1410:6 A mighty one-a general term, applied to Jehovah, to Jesus, to angels, and to men. R379:2, R421:3, R1410:3

My name JEHOVAH — Jehovah is not a general name, like the word "god," but a proper name, the distinctive personal name of the Almighty Father. R1410:6
In our common version its distinctiveness as a name is lost, being generally rendered, "the LORD." R338:3, R421:4
The name Jehovah, like other proper names, should not be translated. R1410:6
Jehovah means He who is, or He who will be. R1052:5*
"Self-Existing One" or "The Immortal One." E40
This name belongs only to the Father. E65; R379:5

[Exod. 6:4]

The land of Canaan — Type of the heavenly rest. T25

[Exod. 6:5]

Keep in bondage — Type of bondage of all men to sin and death. F458

[Exod. 6:13]

Children of Israel — Type of all who ultimately become God's people. F458; R5641:1, R5870:1

Land of Egypt — Satan's dominion of sin and death. R5643:1, R5273:1; F458

[Exod. 6:16]

Gershon — "Refugees" or "Rescued"; type of those of mankind saved during the Millennial age. F129

And Kohath — "Ally" or "Comrade"; type of the Ancient Worthies. F129

And Merari — "Bitterness"; type of the Great Company, saved so as by fire, through bitter experiences. F129

[Exod. 6:18]

Amram — "High people" or "Exalted people"; type of the Little Flock. F128

[Exod. 7:1]

Made thee a god — Elohim, mighty one, a name applied to Jehovah as well as to men. E68; R338:2, R421:3, R1410:3

[Exod. 7:3]

Harden Pharaoh's heart — See comment on Exodus 4:21.

[Exod. 7:4]

By great judgments — The plagues were doubtless a full compensation of justice upon the Egyptians. R5271:3

[Exod. 7:7]

Fourscore — The fourscore, or twice forty, would bring us to 1878 in the antitype when Christ spake to Pharaoh (the world) by an act, in restoring Israel to favor. R181:6*

[Exod. 7:9]

Shew a miracle — These three signs signified certain truths which, in the present time, will be convincing to the Lord's true people. R2910:5

[Exod. 7:10]

Became a serpent — Symbolizing that all the evil there is in the world is the result of God's having let go of his rod or authority temporarily. R4058:4

[Exod. 7:11]

Then Pharaoh — Type of Satan. R5273:2, R5419:5, R2910:2; F458

And the sorcerers — Sorcery, witchcraft and enchantments are manifestations of Satan and of demons for the delusion of mankind. R2110:2, R2189:3

Magicians — Satan's mediums. R341:1* The names of these magicians are given to us in 2 Tim. 3:8, where it is stated that, as Jannes and Jambres resisted Moses, so certain ones today resist the message of God. R3994:5, R4060:2, R2189:3

Of Egypt — Satan's dominion of sin and death. R5643:1, R5273:1; F458

[Exod. 7:12]

They became serpents — Symbolizing the various views of the permission of evil which have been put forth by theologians of the past. R4060:4
Perhaps in some way the power of God will appear to be evil. Somehow God will permit the world, under the power of Satan, to have an hour of triumph during a great time of trouble. R5419:5
There are but two sources of occult power-divine and satanic. R5271:5
The Egyptian plagues were miraculous from one standpoint; not so from another. R5271:2
Duplicated under Satan's knowledge of natural laws. R1685:3
Some have surmised that they performed a trick common in India by hypnotizing a serpent. We are not sure, however, that the magicians did not do more than this. R5271:5
Satan's first agent was the serpent. R265:3
The powers of darkness have liberty and ability to perform wonders of certain kinds under certain circumstances. R2206:6

But Aaron's rod — The correct view on the permission of evil is such that it quite swallows up all the suggestions and theories of the past. R4060:4

[Exod. 7:13]

And he hardened — See comment on Exodus 4:21.

[Exod. 7:14]

The people — In the antitype it will be the "groaning creation" that will be delivered. R2910:2

[Exod. 7:16]

Let my people go — Representing the call of the Christian Church to come out from the world and to engage in his worship. T25

In the wilderness — Condition of separation from the world. T70

[Exod. 7:20]

All the waters — The first three plagues were common to all in Egypt. The next six plagues affected only the Egyptians. R5640:3, R5272:2
The truth, as contained in millions of pages of tracts, poured upon the symbolic earth, society, liberally in many lands and in many languages. R4059:6

Were turned to blood—Perhaps it resulted from the inconceivably rapid growth of microscopic animals (infusoria) and minute cryptogamous plants of a red color. R3994:5, R5271:6
To society the truth seems repulsive, undesirable, bloody. They resent even the thought that the sacrifice for sins was the blood of Christ. R4060:1 Almost as miraculous as the turning of water into wine by our Lord at Cana. R5271:6

[Exod. 7:24]

The Egyptians digged around — The world (Christendom, Churchianity) seek for truth in various ways of their own. R4060:4

[Exod. 8:5]

Cause frogs to come — Vast numbers come to Egypt at times, but never in so great numbers as on this occasion. R5272:1

[Exod. 8:7]

And the magicians — Sorcery, witchcraft and enchantments are manifestations of Satan and of demons for the delusion of mankind. R2110:2, R2189:3

With their enchantments — Using Satan's knowledge of natural laws. R1685:3

Brought up frogs — Satan and the fallen angels may be permitted some power in creating pests. Q265:4

[Exod. 8:8]

Intreat the LORD — While Pharaoh's magicians duplicated the first two plagues, they were unable to take away the frogs. R5272:1

Take away the frogs —The Egyptians worshipped the froghead goddess, Heka. Thus this plague was a special reproach and particularly severe because it was not lawful for Egyptians to kill frogs. R3994:6

[Exod. 8:16]

May become lice — The Revised Version margin renders the word "lice" as sandflies, or fleas. R3994:6
The word "lice" probably means "dust ticks." R5272:2

[Exod. 8:17]

Throughout all the land — The miracle was producing these ticks in unusual numbers and places. R5272:2

[Exod. 8:18]

But they could not — Doubtless, however, the fallen spirits have learned much since then and are probably now responsible for many of the plagues, pests and microbes afflicting plant and animal life. R2189:3

[Exod. 8:19]

The finger of God — The first definition of a miracle. R3995:1

[Exod. 8:21]

Swarms of flies — Or beetles, the Hebrew word signifies a mixture of various swarms of insects. R3995:1
Gnats, mosquitoes, house flies and cattle flies. R5272:2
These plagues upon Egypt were intended in some measure to foreshadow, to illustrate, the plagues with which this Gospel age will end-the first three and the "seven last plagues." (Rev. 15:1) F175

[Exod. 8:23]

Put a division — Both here and in Revelation the first three affected both Israel and Egypt, but the Israelites were exempted from the last seven. R3994:4
In Revelation the first three plagues are called the woe trumpets and following them come the "seven last trumpets." R3994:4

[Exod. 8:27]

Three days' journey — Nothing was said respecting their non-intention of returning, for they had the same right to depart as to come to Egypt. R2910:6

[Exod. 9:3]

Grievous murrain — A kind of epizootic or contagious fever affecting all domestic animals. R3995:1
Murrain (from the Latin, morior, to die) a disease resembling the Russian epizootic. R5272:4
See final comment on Exodus 8:21.

[Exod. 9:8]

Toward the heaven — Possibly in allusion to the furnace of affliction through which the Hebrews had been passing, or possibly in sarcastic imitation of the methods of Egyptian priests, who yearly offered sacrifices of burnt human bodies to Typhon, the god of evil, scattering the ashes thus in the air. R3995:2

[Exod. 9:9]

Shall be a boil — See final comment on Exodus 8:21.

[Exod. 9:14]

All my plagues — Typified the great time of trouble. R3994:4 In three groups of three each. In the first three, Aaron's rod was used; in the second three, the rod was not used; in the last three, Moses' rod was used. In the first three, there was full warning; in the second, less warning; in the third, no warning. R3994:3

[Exod. 9:16]

For this cause — The ten plagues upon the Egyptians were manifestations of divine justice. OV93:1
God did not approve of Pharaoh, but used him to show forth his own glory. Q501:5
With a weaker man the Lord's power would have been less displayed. R3994:2

I raised thee up — God has it in his own hand to set up or pull down rulers and he orders the matter with a view to the impressing of certain lessons. R3994:2
Amongst the various heirs to the throne of Egypt, God so ordered that this particular Pharaoh should come to the throne because he possessed such obstinacy. F175; PD33 R5305:3
God raised up to the throne a stubborn ruler so as to teach a great lesson respecting divine tenderness, gentleness and forgiveness, and that God's greatest blessing to mankind-a free will-may be perverted by Satan to work his greatest injury. R5263:3

[Exod. 9:18]

Very grievous hall — See final comment on Exodus 8:21.

[Exod. 9:23]

Thunder and hail — Both unusual in Egypt. R3995:2
And the fire — Lightning. R3995:2
Symbolic, signifying that God's indignation would burn against every one who is wicked. R5317:2

[Exod. 9:26]

The land of Goshen — The murrain (and later plagues) were kept from them in the land of Goshen, thus proving God's care. R5272:4
Was there no hail — Similarly, the symbolic hail of the seventh plague of Revelation will smite down and subdue those only who are in opposition to it, and that for their good. R511:6

[Exod. 10:4]

Bring the locusts — Although immense swarms of locusts often come to Egypt from Nubia, this would be recognized as a plague because of its announcement and the exemption of the Hebrews. R3995:2
Sometimes to a depth of 15 inches. R5272:4
See final comment on Exodus 8:21.

[Exod. 10:21]

May be darkness — Probably caused by dense sandstorms of fine sand, obscuring the light. R3995:3
See final comment on Exodus 8:21.

[Exod. 11:1]

One more plague — See final comment on Exodus 8:21. It has been surmised that these 10 plagues upon Egypt began about July 1st and lasted until the following April, in all about 9 months. R2911:3, R5271:3, 6
The last, or tenth plague, represents the bitter experiences of the world at the end of the present age. R2920:1

[Exod. 11:2]

Borrow — Misleading translation of the Hebrew word shaal. The Israelites did not borrow, but asked for (as in R.V.) as just payment for past services. R1657:6, R2911:5, R3996:3

[Exod. 11:4]

About midnight — The passing over took place in the night, representing this Gospel age. R3996:3, R4875:3, R4966:6, R5273:1; SM559:3; Q693:8; CR471:2; PD33

[Exod. 11:5]

Shall die — The Egyptian first-born became a retribution for the Israelitish babes they had caused to be drowned in the Nile. R2911:4

[Exod. 11:6]

Throughout all the land — The last, the tenth plague, was common to the entire land of Egypt, including the Israelites, except as they would show faith and obedience. R5640:3

[Exod. 11:10]

Would not let — The plagues constitute a retribution against Egypt for their unjust oppression of Israel. R2911:2

[Exod. 12:1]

In the land of Egypt — Satan's dominion of sin and death. R5643:1, R5273:1; F458

[Exod. 12:2]

The beginning of months — The Passover was the first feature of the Law given Israel as a typical people. R839:1
The new year always began with the appearance of the first new moon after the spring equinox. R1289:3
The new moon which came closest to the spring equinox was reckoned as the beginning of the ecclesiastical year, the first day of the month Nisan. R5642:2, R3961:2
The nearest new moon about or after the equinox, but not much before, was chosen as the commencement of the year. R4127:2, R5191:2, R2270:3
Knowing when to expect the equinox, the Elders of Israel accepted the appearance of the new moon whose full would be about the harvest time, and after the equinox. R2429:5

[Exod. 12:3]

In the tenth day — The choosing of the lamb on the tenth day foreshadowed our Lord Jesus' presenting himself to Israel at the close of his ministry as their king. R2918:2, R5191:4, R1289:4, R839:2, R465:5
Showing that if Israel would be recognized as the Church of the first-born in the antitypical passover, they must accept Jesus then, five days before that Passover feast and four days before his crucifixion. R5191:4

A lamb — Each lamb represented the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world. (John 1:29) F460
"Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us." (1 Cor. 5:7) F463

For an house — Each house of Israel represented the household of faith, the Lord's new household. In celebrating the last Passover supper, which was to be kept by each family apart, the Lord met with his 12 apostles as a separate family—separate from all of their connections and his. F460, F589

[Exod. 12:5]

Lamb — Paul tells us that Christ is our Passover lamb, slain for us. (1 Cor. 5:7) R4966:6
Jesus, the Lamb of God-spotless, pure, holy, harmless, undefiled. R5273:5
The man Christ Jesus was the antitype of the Passover lamb slain by the Israelites. R5847:1

Without blemish — Showing the perfection and purity of Christ, our lamb. R211:5*, R1186:6

[Exod. 12:6]

The fourteenth day — The day in which the Paschal lamb was to be killed and eaten. R5191:4
Foreshadowing the fact that, in God's plan, Jesus was to die at that time. R465:3
The moon was at its full at the time of Christ's crucifixion. R2270:6, R5191:3
The moon is the symbol of the Law covenant and of the people who were under it. Christ's crucifixion at the full of the moon, and the fact that the moon immediately began to wane, foreshadowed Israel's national decline. F481; R1289:3
The 12, and sometimes 13, lunations symbolize the tribes of Israel. After the crucifixion it immediately began to wane, and waned for as long as it had previously increased. So Christ's death was the turning point between the two equal parts of Israel's history. R2270:6, R5191:3, R1289:3

Shall kill it — The eating of the supper on the night preceding our Lord's death, and yet the same day, was made possible by the Jewish custom that began each day in the evening. F462

In the evening — See marginal reading. On the fourteenth day, between the evenings, between six p.m., where the day began, and the next six p.m., where it ended. R2918:2, R5191:3, R1289:4, R839:2, R465:3, R2115:5
The Jews had two evenings, one from noon to 3 o'clock, and the other from 3 o'clock until sunset. It was between these two evenings that the Paschal lamb was to be slain, and so was Jesus, the antitype. R2953:5*

[Exod. 12:7]

Take of the blood — A striking figure of giving "life for life"—the requirement of divine justice before the condemned could be justified. R1321:6*
Not the eating of the unleavened wafers and roasted lamb, but because of the blood, they were passed over. R3454:2*

Strike it on the — The striking was a symbol, commanded at the beginning. Q524:4
The sprinkling of the lamb's blood symbolizes the imputation of the merit of the death of Jesus to the entire household of faith. R5640:5, R3959:5
The sprinkling of the blood indicated that all of the household of faith must believe in the precious blood of Christ. SM561:1; PD33
The sprinkling of the blood on the door-posts in the type implied public confession of the precious blood of the Lamb of God. SM561:2
The sprinkling of the door-posts of the heart with his blood: "Having their hearts sprinkled from a consciousness of evil." (Heb. 10:22) F463

Of the houses — Not merely upon the first-borns, but upon the house, indicating the household of faith. R5273:5

[Exod. 12:8]

They shall eat the flesh — Jesus' sacrifice, the merit of his earthly perfection, was to be eaten, or appropriated, in the mind. R4703:4
We each have appropriated his flesh, his human nature, which is sacrificed on our behalf. We are hoping to be passed over on account of the blood without and the lamb within, as members of the Church of the first-born. R4966:6
As in the antitype, the Passover lamb was for their deliverance from Egypt, so our Lord delivers his people from Satan's yoke of bondage to sin. R5847:1
The shedding of the blood gives life, but we need more—strength for the journey of life, through heavenly food. R1321:6* The eating of the lamb typified our appropriating justification from sin. SM562:2

In that night — This entire Gospel age is the antitype of that night. R3996:3, R4875:3, R4996:6, R5273:1, R17:4; SM559:3; Q693:8; CR471:2; PD33
The 6000 years in which sin and death have held sway are a night time. R5273:1

Unleavened bread — Truth, in its purity. R208:1
It symbolized the precious promises which come to us from the Heavenly Father through Christ. R2918:3, R4703:4
Leaven is a type of sin, and the symbol declares that our Lord Jesus was free from sin. R5192:4; T98
Symbolically, without the corruption (leaven) of human theory, blight, ambitions, selfishness, etc. F464; T98

With bitter herbs — Bitter experiences and trials which the Lord prepares for us, and which help wean our affections from earthly things and give us increased appetite to feed upon the Lamb and the unleavened bread of truth. R5870:4, R4703:4, R2116:1, R208:1, R17:4; F460

[Exod. 12:10]

Nothing of it remain — Signifying that the privilege of participation in the Lord's sacrifice is confined to the Gospel age. R2116:4, R212:5*

[Exod. 12:11]

With your loins girded — Loins girt about with truth. (Eph. 6:14) R212:2*

Shoes on your feet — Your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace. (Eph. 6:15) R212:2*

Staff in your hand — As pilgrims and strangers. F461; R4703:2, R208:1
Ready for the journey, with full expectancy that the Lord would make the Egyptians willing to let them go and that they would share in this calamity were it not for the blood upon the door-posts and lintels. R5640:3

Passover — The term Passover signifies to pass by, or spare from an affliction. R1657:2

[Exod. 12:12]

This night — Symbolizing this Gospel age, a time of darkness on the earth. R4875:3, R4966:6, R5273:1, R3996:3; SM559:3; Q693:8; CR471:2; PD33

Firstborn— The first-born of Israel typified spirit begotten ones now saved from sin and death as the Church of the firstborn. R4966:6

The gods of Egypt — The princes of Egypt, elohim. R1410:3

[Exod. 12:13]

See the blood — The blood of Christ must be ever recognized in our hearts and confessed, manifested, and declared outwardly to others. R3996:6

I will pass over you — Faith in the precious blood is the only ground of acceptance with God. R3996:1
The Passover lamb and its blood preserved, "passed over," the first-born ones only, typical of the Church of the first-borns. R4384:3

To destroy you — Only the first-born were in danger, typifying that in the present time only the Church of the first-born has sufficient knowledge to be in danger of the Second Death. R3995:5

[Exod. 12:14]

For a memorial — The followers of Jesus are to celebrate the antitype yearly, as the Israelites had done, but now in remembrance of the reality and not of the type. R1657:5

Keep it a feast — What Jesus commemorated was the killing of the Passover lamb and not the "Feast of the Passover" which followed it for seven days. R208:2
It was not the intention of our Lord to commemorate the Feast of the Passover, which began the 15th of Nisan, but merely his death on the 14th. R1942:6
Typical of both the deliverance of spiritual Israel from the bondage of sin and the ultimate deliverance of all who love righteousness from Satan's bondage by his complete overthrow during the Millennium. R2379:6

An ordinance for ever — An event so widely observed for so long a time (more than 3300 years) must have a foundation in fact. R3959:2
To be observed yearly as a memorial of God's goodness and because it typed a still greater blessing to come. R4703:2
The Lord's Supper takes the place of the Passover supper as a Memorial of the antitype, a remembrance of the fulfillment of the antitypical Passover. F463

[Exod. 12:15]

Ye shall put away — Anything containing leaven or putrefaction-bones, crusts, everything. So we must " put away the old leaven" of anger, malice, hatred, strife. R5193:3

Leaven — Symbol of corruption, sin. R5192:4, R2399:6; F464; T98

[Exod. 12:16]

First day ... seventh day — On the 15th day the Passover Feast began, lasting seven days, the first and seventh days observed as specially holy, as Sabbath days or "high" days. R2270:5,R5191:3

Holy convocation — Some claim that the Jews had an abrupt beginning of weeks with the beginning of the Passover which was always counted a sabbath and the new start of a cycle. R2115:5

[Exod. 12:17]

Observe the feast — By rejoicing in, and partaking of, the good things of God. R1800:3

[Exod. 12:18]

The fourteenth day — A picture of the passing over of the Church of the first-born. Q525:1

[Exod. 12:19]

No leaven — A reminder (1) of the haste with which they fled, not having time to wait for the bread to rise; and (2) of their sufferings in Egypt, hence called "the bread of affliction" (Deut. 16:3) but (3) primarily to signify the putting away of sin. R1800:2, R5390:2
Although no command to fast 40 days of " lenten season," those who voluntarily fast and pray will be blest according to their faith. R2116:4

[Exod. 12:22]

Bunch of hyssop — Symbol of purging, cleansing. R1872:5; T109

None of you shall go out — If any abide not under the covering of the blood of Christ he must surely perish. R1657:2, R131:5
None of the nominal first-born shall be passed over and become members of the Church in glory except those who, during this night, abide under the blood. R2272:5

Until the morning— And so the deliverance of spiritual Israel comes in the Millennial morning. "God shall help her, early in the morning." (Psa. 46:5, Margin) R2918:3

[Exod. 12:23]

The blood — Symbolizing the application of the merit of the death of Jesus to the entire household of faith. R3959:5, R5640:5
By faith the merit of Jesus' sacrifice, his blood, is to be sprinkled on the door-posts of our hearts. R4703:4
The blood sprinkled on the door-posts typed faith in the blood of Christ. PD33 SM561:1

Pass over the door — The Passover night typified this Gospel age, during which the Church of the first-borns are to be specially saved. PD33 R4966:6

[Exod. 12:27]

The LORD'S passover — The first feature of the Law. OV74:T, B47 Represented the death of Jesus and the passing over of his people during this age. Q525:3
The passing over will be the resurrection. CR471:3

[Exod. 12:29]

The firstborn — Only the first-borns, the Church of Christ, are now being passed over; only these are in danger of the destroying angel. R5870:2
The special object in confining the plague to the first-born was to show that only the first-born of the Hebrews were spared or passed over. R3995:5

[Exod. 12:30]

Pharaoh — Typifies Satan. R5273:2, R5419:5; F458

In the night — The Gospel age is the antitype of that night. R3996:3, R4875:3, R4966:6, R5273:1; SM559:3; Q693:8; CR471:2; PD33

The Egyptians — Typifying Satan's servants who have oppressed God's people during the night of sin and death. R5273:2, R5643:1, F458

[Exod. 12:31]

Get you forth — As in the first exodus, so in the next exodus, apparently some pressure will suddenly be brought to bear upon the nations which will result favorably to Israel. D554

[Exod. 12:32]

And bless me also — Doubtless representing a changed attitude at the close of the time of trouble of some who now oppress the poor. A336

[Exod. 12:35]

Borrowed — Misleading translation of the Hebrew word shaal. The Israelites did not borrow, but asked for (as in R.V.) as just payment for past services. R1657:6, R2911:5, R3996:3

[Exod. 12:36]

So that they lent — Gave. R2911:5
Spoiled the Egyptians — This was quite proper anyway, as the equivalent of back pay due the Israelites. R2911:6

[Exod. 12:37]

About 600,000 on foot — Possibly 600 groups, families or tents. R5277:2
In a somewhat similar case, 400,000 Tartars left Russia under cover of a single night. R3997:1

[Exod. 12:40]

Now the sojourning — From the covenant with Abraham to the exodus. B46

Who dwelt In Egypt — For a portion of the period, and who previous to that time sojourned in the loins of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, even as Levi paid tithes to Melchizedec while yet in Abraham's loins. B47
Not that they sojourned in Egypt 430 years, but the sojourning of the people who dwelt in Egypt was that many years. HG1O4:3

Was 430 years — One-half of 430 years. R2482:2*
The statements of Moses and Paul (Gal. 3:17) refer to precisely the same period, from the covenant with Abraham to the giving of the Law. B47; R2482:3*, R1980:2; HG44:2

[Exod. 12:41]

The selfsame day — Illustrating the accuracy of Bible chronology. B48

All the hosts of the LORD — During the night the Israelites were still in bondage, waiting for the deliverance which could come only after the passing over of the first-borns. SM560:T

Went out — Typifying the ultimate deliverance of the world. CR471:3

Egypt—Satan's dominion of sin and death. R5643:1, R5273:1; F458

[Exod. 12:43]

This is the ordinance — The beginning of the Law. B47; OV74:T

[Exod. 12:44]

When thou hast circumcised — The Passover stood in a certain relation to circumcision, as the second sacrament of the Hebrew church. F484*

[Exod. 12:46]

In one house — In other sacrifices, the body was cut into various pieces, showing Christ and the Church. Thus this represented Christ alone in his sacrifice. SM559:2

Break a bone thereof — "A bone of him shall not be broken." R198:2

[Exod. 12:49]

Unto the stranger — The Mosaic Law was 32 centuries ahead of its time. A50

[Exod. 13:2]

All the firstborn — Afterwards these first-born ones were represented by the tribe of Levi. R1657:2
Typifying the Church only; not our Lord Jesus. Q524:6

[Exod. 13:7]

There be leaven — Symbol of corruption, sin. R5192:4, R2022:4, R2635:1; F464; T98

[Exod. 13:10]

Year to year — Our Lord altered the manner, but not the time; and, as he has not altered the time, we dare not. It is our privilege to observe the anniversary. R803:2

[Exod. 13:12]

That openeth the matrix — In conformity with this, the mother of Jesus presented him in consecration. Q757:5

[Exod. 13:15]

All the firstborn — Only the first-born was in danger, typifying that in the present time only the Church of the first-born has sufficient knowledge to be in danger of Second Death. R3995:5

[Exod. 13:16]

Frontlets — A phylactery, a little square leather box, containing four passages of Scripture. R4053:1

[Exod. 13:18]

Way of the wilderness — The best of three roads for them, leading through the wild mountain regions of Sinai. R5277:3

Went up harnessed — In military order, either five abreast or in five companies. R2919:2

[Exod. 13:19]

The bones of Joseph — Israel hoped for a resurrection from the tomb and hence they were particular in caring for the corpses of their dead. R2601:6

[Exod. 13:21]

Pillar of a cloud — Shielding us from the things that would be too trying for us. R4029:6
Affording them a measure of shelter from the heat of the sun. R3997:2
The Lord's providences guide us and shelter us from the heat of persecution. R3997:3

To lead them the way — The leading of divine providence is ours until we pass over Jordan into heavenly Canaan. R3997:3
Only when they finally crossed Jordan into Canaan was this phenomenon discontinued. R3997:2

A pillar of fire — Enlightenment in darkness and God's keeping, protecting power.R4029:6

To give them light — At other times, the Lord's providences enlighten us in dark seasons. R3997:3

[Exod. 14:2]

That they turn — This turn was perhaps necessary because of the great wall of Egypt, somewhat similar to the great wall of China, and the route taken was more favorable for pasturage, etc. R2919:2
From northeast to south; mis-interpreted by the Egyptians as becoming entangled in the land. R3997:4

And the sea — The Bitter Lakes, which lengthen out the northernmost tongue of the Red Sea. R3997:4

[Exod. 14:3]

They are entangled — They are lost. R3997:4

Shut them In — Having passed between two mountain ranges, up against the northern arm of the Red Sea, they had gone into a pen from which there was no escape. R5277:5

[Exod. 14:4]

Harden Pharaoh's heart — See comment on Exodus 4:21

[Exod. 14:8]

Of Pharaoh — Type of Satan. R5273:2, R5419:5; F458

Of Egypt — Satan's dominion of sin and death. R5643:1, R5273:1; F458

And he pursued — The powers that be may possibly concede for a time the demands of the weak and helpless and then attempt their recapture under selfishness, and through a Red Sea of trouble the Lord will administer a final chastisement. R2920:1

Children of Israel — Type of all who ultimately become God's people. F458; R5641:1, R5870:1

[Exod. 14:9]

But the Egyptians — Typifying Satan's servants who have oppressed God's people. R5273:2, R5641:3; F458

All the horses — Symbolic of false doctrines. C316

And chariots — Symbolic of worldly organizations. C316

And his horsemen — Symbolic of the great leaders in false doctrines. C316
Symbolic of fallen angels and men. F458

By the sea — The Red Sea, representing the Second Death. F459

[Exod. 14:13]

Stand still and see — The duty of God's people toward the perplexing questions of the present time. A342
Sometimes we come to the very end of all human possibilities. Then, and not till then, should we apply these words of Moses to ourselves. R5278:4

[Exod. 14:15]

Go forward — There is a time to pray and also a time to act. R2919:4
In giving and obeying this command faith was demonstrated. Does not the Lord sometimes allow adversities and oppositions to hedge us in? This is the time to hearken to his voice and, in faith, go forward. R3997:6

[Exod. 14:16]

Go on dry ground — On a sand bar. R3998:2, R4623:5, R5277:6, R2919:5

Midst of the sea — The water at the upper end of the Red Sea is at no great depth, so that at times, when the tide is low, cavalry have forded it—for instance, Napoleon. R3998:1, R2919:6

[Exod. 14:19]

The angel of God — Not always a being; sometimes signifying the exercise of divine power in connection with human affairs. R5278:1

Cloud — An evidence of the Lord's special care over them, a great aid to their faith, discontinued when they crossed Jordan into Canaan. R3997:2

[Exod. 14:20]

A cloud — From the world's standpoint, very dark; from our standpoint, the healing rays of the sun. R577:2

And darkness — Josephus and other outside narratives declare that it rained, thundered and lightened appallingly. R2919:5

But it gave light — Matters appear differently from different standpoints. Since the storm is to scatter the powers of darkness, the sooner it comes the better. R577:2

[Exod. 14:22]

Children of Israel — Type of all who ultimately become God's people. F458, R5641:1, R5870:1

A wall — A barricade, protection, shield. R3998:3, R4623:5, R5278:1

[Exod. 14:24]

Host of the Egyptians — Typifying Satan's servants who have oppressed God's people. R5273:2, R5641:2; F458

[Exod. 14:27]

Overthrew the Egyptians — At the end of the Millennial age Satan and all who are on his side will be forever destroyed. R3999:4

Midst of the sea — A reversal of the wind would cause the return of the waters. R4623:5
The present enslaving agencies will be overthrown by anarchy, in the great time of trouble, now near. R1657:5

[Exod. 14:28]

The waters returned — Opposite Suez, the tide rises eight to nine feet when aided by strong winds, returning with unusual suddenness and power after the ebb. R3998:3*

The host of Pharaoh — Representing all who eventually will go into Second Death. R5870:1

[Exod. 14:29]

Children of Israel — Type of all who ultimately become God's people. F458, R5641:1, R5870:1

Dry land — On a sand bar. R3998:2, R4623:5

Midst of the sea — Possibly two miles across.R3998:2

Were a wall — In its broadest sense merely signifies a barricade, protection, shield. R3998:3, R4623:5, R5278:1

[Exod. 14:30]

The LORD saved — Picturing the deliverance of all the obedient after the plagues. (Rev. 16) R1657:3

[Exod. 15:1]

Then sang Moses — This song, typifying the song of deliverance referred to in the book of Revelation as "the song of Moses and the Lamb," is noted by scholars as containing an intermingling of Egyptian words. R3998:6

This song unto the LORD — Singing songs of praise, one of the most interesting and profitable methods of worship, is acceptable only when it represents true heart sentiments. R5278:2

I will sing — "If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth." (Psa. 137:6) R2031:5

[Exod. 15:2]

The LORD — Not by any human might. R2934:4

Become my salvation — Already, for we have already passed from death unto life and have the witness of this in the holy Spirit. R2934:4

[Exod. 15:3]

Is a man of war — When he rises up to judgment against the nations. D549

[Exod. 15:8]

And with the blast — Ruach, spirit, invisible power or influence. E174

[Exod. 15:10]

Blow with thy wind — Ruach, spirit, invisible power or influence. E174

[Exod. 15:11]

Among the gods — , mighty ones. E67; R296:2

[Exod. 15:20]

With dances — With bodies swaying and feet moving rhythmically. R5278:2

[Exod. 15:22]

They went three days — Typifying the last part of the fifth, all of the sixth, and the early part of the seventh thousand-year days, the period of Israel's disfavor. R3037:5

[Exod. 15:23]

The waters of Marah — Similarly the Law, while good in many respects, had certain condemnatory qualities which hindered it from giving refreshment and life everlasting. R4010:5
From the Arabic, marra, to be bitter. R351:2*, R491:2*

They were bitter — The promise of life, represented by the water, was poisoned by sin. R4010:6
The spiritual Israelite is not long out of Egypt before he is permitted to have trying experiences; and in seeking refreshment he perhaps finds bitter disappointments. R3035:6, R5278:5
During the Dark Ages the water of life became brackish and impure. R4603:1

[Exod. 15:24]

Against Moses — Typifying the Christ, Head and Body, the Mediator of the New covenant. R4010:6

[Exod. 15:25]

And he — Moses, type of Christ. D630; A79; B255

A tree — Representing the cross of Christ. "Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree." (Gal. 3:13) R4010:6
The great doctrine of the ransom. R4603:1

Were made sweet — Since the truth of the ransom has purified the message of the Dark Ages we can partake of it with refreshment. R4603:1; Q454:1
Typifying conditions during the Millennial age. F631
The Lord can make our bitter experiences sweet. R3035:6

[Exod. 15:26]

None of these diseases — Not the case with the New Creation. Their real interests and their physical interests are often opposites. F631

That healeth thee — From the very beginning of Messiah's reign God's blessings will begin to come to the world, and correspondingly the curse will fade away. R5780:1

[Exod. 15:27]

They came to Elim — The Lord provides seasons of rest and refreshment by the Christian's way. R3035:6
God's spiritual Israelites are not tried above what they are able to bear. R5278:6

Twelve wells of water — Typifying the 12 apostles. R4011:2

Threescore and ten palms — Typifying the 70 whom our Lord commissioned, whose ministries typified the public services of the Gospel age. R4011:2

[Exod. 16:1]

Wilderness of Sin — Typical of the Christian journey through the wilderness of sin to the heavenly Canaan. A221

[Exod. 16:3]

The flesh pots — The world's theories. R5307:1

Bread to the full — How apt are all to remember the pleasures of the sinful condition and to forget its burdens and disappointments. R3036:3

With hunger — Having learned of their need they were able to appreciate the provision and its miraculous source. So with spiritual Israelites, they are permitted to feel their needs, and to ask, that they may receive. R3036:1

[Exod. 16:7]

What are we — Spiritual Israelites are to keep in mind that the real leader is the Lord and not men. R3036:2

[Exod. 16:13]

Quails came up — In the spring. They often come in great flocks and, wearied with their long flight across the water, fly low, and thus are easily caught. R4012:3, R3036:4
Corresponding to the invasion of Darwinism among God's people. Evolution gives the people worldly doctrines for religious food. R5267:3*

[Exod. 16:14]

A small round thing — Evidently deposited in, or from, the dew by some power of God working in harmony with the natural laws of chemistry not yet thoroughly understood. R3036:4

[Exod. 16:15]

It is manna — Nothing of the kind was known to the Israelites, and they asked, "What is it?" and this became its name—"What is it?"—or, "that manna." R5279:4
A symbol of our Lord's flesh, the bread from heaven. B130; T122; R2579:4
The grains were small and white, required painstaking labor to gather, and had to be boiled or baked before using. R3036:4

[Exod. 16:16]

Gather of it — To obtain the bread from heaven requires some effort on the part of him who would partake. R3036:6, R5279:4

[Exod. 16:21]

Every morning — So it will be necessary for the world ever to seek supplies of life and grace if they would live everlastingly. T123
Our own supply of grace in Christ needs to be gathered daily; it will not keep over for succeeding days. R4012:5

[Exod. 16:23]

To morrow is the rest — That the Sabbath was something new to the Israelites is evident by its explanation to them. R971:6

The holy sabbath — Type of the Millennial age. B40
There was no mention of the keeping of a sabbath prior to Israel's arriving at the Wilderness of Sin, of which Mt. Sinai is the center. R3039:2
Inaugurated as a memorial of their deliverance from Egyptian bondage, in which they had no rest from their taskmasters. R1731:2
The Sabbath day was instituted about two weeks before the formal giving of the Law. R1731:2

[Exod. 16:31]

Wafers made with honey — Suggesting that the wafers on the Day of Atonement may have had a mixture of honey; but the prohibition of the burning of honey may imply otherwise. R4045:4

[Exod. 16:33]

To be kept — Symbolizing that our Lord's flesh did not see corruption and is possibly preserved as an everlasting testimony of infinite love and perfect obedience. B130
Illustrating the immortal, incorruptible condition promised to all members of the Church. "To him that overcometh will I grant to eat of the hidden manna." (Rev. 2:17) T122

[Exod. 16:34]

To be kept — In the Ark of the covenant. T121

[Exod. 16:35]

Forty years — Just as at the first advent they rejected him who was the antitype of Moses and Aaron and therefore did not enter into rest; instead, another long and wearisome journey in the wilderness for nearly 1900 years. R3064:4

The land of Canaan — Representing the Millennial Kingdom condition. R3064:3
Representing the rest promised to God's children who hear his call: "Come unto me, and I will give you rest." (Matt. 11:28) Have we the faith to enter in? T25

[Exod. 17:6]

Smite the rock — The rock was a picture of Christ-who was smitten that the water of life might flow from Jesus for all of Adam's race who would become Israelites indeed. R5957:3, R5285:1; PD34
As the waters of that rock followed the Israelites, so God's favor, through Christ, refreshes his people throughout their wilderness journey. R5285:2
Here by the Lord's direction. The second time (Num. 20:2-12) he was to "speak to the rock," but instead he smote the rock a second time. R3077:3
Christ is smitten but once for our sins. If, for a reason, the waters stop, the Rock should be invoked, in the name of the Lord, to start gushing anew. R3077:4

[Exod. 17:8]

Came Amalek and fought — As one branch of Esau's family, they were related to the Israelites and to the Arabs of today. R4207:2
The Amalekites, a warlike people, considered the coming of Israel as an invasion of their country and attacked them in battle. R5285:2
Similarly, spiritual Israelites have conflicts with the world, the flesh and the devil. R5285:2

With Israel — A people used to peaceful pursuits would naturally be at a disadvantage in conflict with such opposition. R5285:2

[Exod. 17:11]

When Moses — The antitypical Moses is the antitypical Mediator, Christ. R2681:6

Held up in his hand — In prayer to God for the people. R5285:2

Israel prevailed — God thus indicated that Moses was the advocate of Israel, and that without him they could do nothing. We, too, have an advocate. R5285:2
In the antitype, spiritual Israelites have conflicts with enemies too mighty for them without the Lord's assistance-the world, the flesh, and the devil. R5285:2

Amalek prevailed— When Moses ceased to pray the Amalekites were the victors—showing our dependence on Christ. R5285:2

[Exod. 17:13]

And Joshua — Type of the "great deliverer, " Christ. A79

Amalek — Symbolizing the wilful sinners of the Millennial age. F174

[Exod. 17:14]

In a book — The first definite information with reference to the Sacred Writings, later preserved in the side of the Ark. R1145:3

[Exod. 17:15]

Jehovah-nissi — Banner of Jehovah. E43

[Exod. 18:13]

Moses sat to judge — Showing that the word "judgment" includes the thought of a trial and a righteous decision based upon that trial. R568:6

[Exod. 18:18]

Too heavy for thee — Moses, instead of being a designing politician, was really the overworked servant of the people. A47

[Exod. 18:19]

Give thee counsel — Jethro's counsel became the basis of the English and American constitutions, governments "of the people, by the people, for the people." R3037:3

[Exod. 18:24]

So Moses hearkened — God sometimes uses outsiders to instruct his people in some things: wise is the man or woman humble enough to receive such instruction properly. R3037:2

[Exod. 18:25]

Made them heads — During nearly a year at Mt. Sinai, Israel was transformed from a horde of unorganized emigrants into a powerful nation with covenant relationship with God. R4037:1

[Exod. 19:5]

If ye will — Are you (Israel) ready now to enter into a covenant of full consecration to do my will? R5285:4
Its commands had nothing to do with any nation but Israel, then or since; nor are they applicable now to spiritual Israel. R4013:3

Obey my voice — It was God's object in making the Law covenant to prove to Israel their own imperfection and inability to live in harmony with God. R282:3

Keep my covenant — The measure of a perfect man's ability. QV428:6
If Israel should keep perfectly the Ten Commandments they would thereby demonstrate that they were perfect men, worthy of everlasting life. R5286:2, R4902:3, R5292:2, R5732:5
The Law covenant was an addition to the Abrahamic covenant and was typical. R5301:5
The mediation (through Moses) of the old Law covenant brought Israel into typical relationship to God; the mediation (through Christ) of the New Law covenant will bring all mankind into actual covenant relationship. R5292:2
The time not having come for the development of the great Mediator, God made a typical arrangement with the nation of Israel. R4902:3
It is not the Law that was important, since God always had a law over his creatures; but the covenant, according to which they were to be treated as servants, not sinners, if faithful to its requirements. R1724:4
None actuated by love have any desire to violate the law of commandments. R543:2
The Christian's responsibility is transferred from the Father to our Lord Jesus. Hence he is no longer under Jehovah's Law given at Sinai, but now "under law to Christ." (1 Cor. 9:21) R542:6

A peculiar treasure — For more than 18 centuries God's dealings were with this people exclusively. "Ye only have I known of all the families of the earth." (Amos 3:2) Q792:4
Obedience would qualify them to be the seed of Abraham to bless the world. R5732:5

[Exod. 19:6]

Kingdom of priests — Type of the Royal Priesthood, the Holy Nation, the Church. B246, CR485:1
God's favor to natural Israel was because they were the seed of Abraham; not because they were holier than others. R5917:3
Israel was first invited to be the antitypical Royal Priesthood. R5532:6
Israel knew they were the favored seed of Abraham, the natural heirs of the promises. R5285:4

An holy nation — Separated from other nations for a particular purpose, and therefore to enjoy certain special favors. A71

[Exod. 19:8]

All the people — The entire nation was a consecrated people. R1742:6

All that — Jesus explained it to mean to love God with all the heart, mind, soul and strength, and one's neighbor as one's self. PD35
To do justice to your neighbor as you wish your neighbor to do justice to you is the essence of the Law. (Matt. 7:12) SM352:2

We will do — We agree to keep your Law and you agree to give us life. R4696:2
The Law said, Obey! and he who fails in one point is guilty of all. R614:5
The faithful among them, who earnestly endeavored in their weakness to keep this covenant, will, in the Millennial age, be "princes in all the earth." (Psa. 45:16) B207
The Ten Commandments demand absolute perfection of thought and deed for their fulfillment. R543:2
They saw only the outward aspect and not the spirit of the Law. R4013:2
It did not seem to occur to Israel that they might not be able to obey the Law perfectly. R1724:5
God was bound to give Israel eternal life if they would keep that Law. R4902:3
Alas for poor humanity's self-confidence; that which they thought would gain life emphatically condemned all under it to death. R454:6
No fallen human being could possibly keep the letter of the Law, but God dealt with the Israelites as though they could. Their sacrifices were typical. OV428:6
It served them well as a servant to bring them to Christ. R1724:5

[Exod. 19:10]

Said unto Moses — Type of Christ, Head and Body. R3037:5; D630

Unto the people — All those of mankind desirous of entering covenant relationship with God. R3037:5

[Exod. 19:11]

For the third day — The three days of purification represent the Gospel age. Our Lord's first advent occurred early on the fifth thousand-year day, the sixth day has passed, and we are now in the morning of the seventh or "Millennial" day. R3037:5
The New Law covenant will be made during the Millennial day-the Jewish "day" and Gospel "day" being preparatory. R4570:3*

Upon mount Sinai — Type of the Kingdom of God. R3037:6, R4037:5; D630

[Exod. 19:12]

Shalt set bounds — During the two thousand-year days just past, God, through Christ, has been marking out the bounds of the Kingdom class: who might and might not come into the Kingdom. R3037:6

Take heed — "God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him." (Psa. 89:7) R2002:2

Touch the border — Our God is a consuming fire to all who attempt to approach him except through Christ. R2035:6

Surely put to death —How can we escape if we disregard the voice of the great Mediator of the New covenant, and the remarkable circumstances which now accompany its establishment. R5990:4

[Exod. 19:13]

Whether it be beast — The Hebrew used the word "hands" for beast as well as for man. The Hebrew word for hand, yad, is rendered "paw" in (1 Sam. 17:37) R3044:5

[Exod. 19:15]

Be ready — Typifying still greater purifying of all who accept the New covenant. R2022:5

[Exod. 19:16]

Thunders — Only a typical representation of the greater glory of the New-covenant—"the glory that excelleth." (2 Cor. 3:9, 10) R1404:6
Thunder tones of judgment that "call the earth from the rising of the sun until the going down thereof." (Psa. 50:1) R5990:4, R1914:4

And lightnings — Lightning flashes of truth and righteousness. R1914:4, R5990:4
Frequent flashes of light from the storm clouds surrounding the invisible presence of our King in the daily press illuminate the principles of the Word of God. R1913:3

A thick cloud — Symbol of the time of trouble. D630; R3037:5, R5990:1, R1914:4

Voice of the trumpet — Type of the Seventh Trumpet of liberty. D630; B148

[Exod. 19:17]

To meet with God — There was no priestly intervention. A55

[Exod. 19:18]

Smoke of a furnace — Symbol of the time of trouble. D630; C146

Quaked greatly — Typifying the fearful sights, terrifying sounds, in the end of this age. D630; R5990:1
Not only the earth (society) and the mountains (kingdoms) but the heavens also (ecclesiastical powers) so that only the unshakable principles of truth and righteousness may endure. R1914:5

[Exod. 19:20]

And Moses — Type of The Christ, Head and Body. D630; A79; B255

Went up — Glorified. D630
So the entire Church must go into the mountain (Kingdom) with Christ. OV286:2

[Exod. 19:21]

Many of them perish — It is just as impossible for men to see the unveiled qlory of the Lord Jesus as it is for them to behold Jehovah. B131

[Exod. 19:25]

Spake unto them — The Reformers recognized the difference between Moses as a prophet and as a law-giver; maintaining that as law-giver his authority extended only over Israel. R976:2

[Exod. 20:1]

God spake all these words — The first tables of the Law were prepared and written by the Lord himself. This represents how man in his creation was a perfect image of his Creator. R5298:6
God's original law to man was given in Eden, written in Adam's heart, in the sense that he was created in the divine image. R5286:3
The Decalogue has a depth of meaning not seen until Jesus "magnified the law and made it honorable." (Isa. 42:21) R5286:2
Jesus gave the Law to Moses as the representative of the Father. R5622:5
The Law given at Sinai has been the basis of all laws since. SM380:T

[Exod. 20:2]

Which have brought thee — Showing that the Ten Commandments were given only to Israel after the flesh. R1726:5, R971:4

[Exod. 20:3]

Thou shalt — The Decalogue is a brief synopsis of the whole Law. A45 Neither the angelic sons nor the New Creation are under the Sinaitic Law, or need it. F365

No other gods before me — Mighty ones, my equals. E40
God shall have first place in the human heart. Any division of the heart or strength or mind or soul violates this commandment. R5286:3
We shall not permit wealth or anything else to take away our minds from the Lord. R5094:5
Idolizing husbands, wives or wealth is idolatry. R5071:5, R4014:4

[Exod. 20:4]

Any graven image — God would not have any symbols before his people, but have them worship him in spirit and in truth. R5627:3, R3038:2, R5298:1
With spiritual Israel even fathers, mothers, wives and children might take the place of the Lord in our affections, as well as idols of wealth, social and personal ambition, etc. R3038:2, R3753:3

Under the earth — Not subterranean waters, but the seas which are below the level of the "dry land" called the earth. R1813:2

[Exod. 20:5]

Bow down thyself to them — Shaw-kaw, worship. Not a prohibition of reverence to the honorable, but against image worship or worship of any rival gods. E73
The Jews did not err in doing reverence (shaw-kaw) to angels who came in Jehovah's name. B73

Am a jealous God — Who wants all of our affections, confidence and trust. This is for our good and is not selfishness on his part. R3038:3, R4789:2
God's jealousy is just and is sure to bring to the sinner a just punishment. R4789:2
The impropriety of jealousy is when it leads to bitterness and other like qualities to which the fallen human mind is subject. R4789:2

Upon the children — Does not represent anger, bitterness, resentment, selfishness, but the law of nature, under which, in wisdom, God has placed humanity. R3038:3-4
The doctrine of the ransom is linked to the doctrine that condemnation passed to Adam's posterity through the channel of natural birth. R2668:2

Unto the third and fourth —Contrary to Darwin, deviations from the species prototype are corrected in the course of three generations—N. Y Times. R4859:6*

[Exod. 20:7]

Not take the name — This command was given to Israel only, who had come into relationship with God through the Law covenant. Many of the Jews tried very hard outwardly to keep the Ten Commandments. R5404:2
Although this commandment was not given to spiritual Israel, the spirit of it applies to us. Let us, therefore, walk circumspectly, that we bring no dishonor to that hallowed name, but honor it in our every thought and deed. R5404:6, R4014:5, R3038:5, R1527:6

In vain — Lightly, frivolously, or in any other than a sacred or reverential manner. R3038:5, R1527:3
"Thou desirest truth in the inward parts." (Psa. 51:6) "Let every one that nameth the name of Christ (Jehovah's representative) depart from iniquity." (2 Tim. 2:19) R1527:3

[Exod. 20:8]

The sabbath day — The fourth commandment was never given to the Church. R5072:1
A higher thought than that of physical rest is given to the Church. The seventh day typifies the rest of faith for the people of God. R5071:6, R5360:1, R4015:1, R1499:4
Typically, the thousand-year day, the Millennial age. Then humanity will be at rest from Satan and from sin. R5071:6, R5640:5, R1499:4, R91:6*; B40; Q607:4
We should neither consider ourselves under Mosaic Law nor repudiate the Sabbath entirely. R3752:2
Spiritual Israel keeps Sabbath every day-resting in the finished work of God, resting from our own endeavors to justify ourselves. R3753:4
Let our homes be the most quiet, let no sound of labor or worldly pleasure be heard on the appointed day of rest. R3753:6

Keep it holy — As a day of rest, and no more. R4995:3
Whoever abides in Christ is a sabbath-keeper. R5071:6

[Exod. 20:10]

The seventh day — Not the first day. If this commandment is binding at all it is binding as stated and cannot be changed. R1727:2
The prominence of the seventh day holds good in the week of creation, the ordinary week and the week of thousands. R91:5*
No matter how the first day of the week, Sunday, was originally set apart as sacred, it contains a great blessing. R2534:5, R2535:1
We advocate observance of Sunday because: (1) we would not wish to see it fall into disuse; (2) we would not lead others to violate less-enlightened consciences; and (3) to maintain proper religious influence with neighbors. R2535:4, R3753:5
Typified a coming blessing to spiritual Israel. OV250:5
The Christian's rest is not of one day, but of all; well-illustrated in the seventh day which typified it, for seven is the symbol of completeness. R543:6

Not do any work —It does not say to cease from ordinary work and engage in religious work; but prohibits all kinds of work. R1727:1, R971:5
As soon as we begin to believe we begin to enter into this rest which need never end. "We which have believed do enter into rest." (Heb. 4:3) R3753:4
This rest was merely typical and prophetic of the coming restitution peace and blessing. OV118:3
Our rest in the Lord is as complete as is our belief in him. He who believes fully, rests fully; he who only believes partially, rests but partially. R2534:4
While never losing sight of his real sabbaths, the spiritual Israelite nevertheless should avail himself of any arrangements of nominal Christendom favorable to his spiritual resting. R2534:5
While chiefly a type, experience proves that such a rest is necessary from the physical standpoint. R2534:6

[Exod. 20:11]

The LORD made — Not creation but preparation for use. R300:1*

Rested the seventh day — Letting humanity measurably take its own course in sin, leaving all the work of restitution to be accomplished by Christ in his reign. R975:4
Because in his plan everything was fully arranged for—"the works were finished from the foundation of the world." (Heb. 4:3) R975:4
But it does not follow that God's rest day was a 24-hour day, nor that he rested in the same sense as the Israelites were commanded. R1731:3
Jesus said, "The Father worketh hitherto, and (now) I work." (John 5:17) R975:4
A higher thought than that of physical rest is given the Church. The seventh day typifies the rest of faith for the people of God. R5071:6, R5360:1, R4015:1

Blessed the sabbath day — Type of the greater sabbath-the heavenly. Q759:3

[Exod. 20:12]

Honour thy father — Although always deserving of consideration from their children, the degree of respect must depend upon the character of the parent to some extent. R5287:3
The parents are, in the divine arrangement, the priests of God in respect to their children. R5287:5
Sunday Schools may weaken the respect of the children for the parents and may release the parents from an appreciation of their responsibilities toward their children. R5287:5
Extending beyond the childhood obligation to obey, the duty of honoring parents extends from the cradle to the grave. R2024:3
Absalom is a distinguished example of dishonor to a father, and the resultant cuffing off in the prime of life. R3262:1
If our forefathers were monkeys, as so many now teach, why should we have much honor or respect for them? R4019:3
To the spiritual Israelite, this would mean our Father in heaven. R4019:3, R3044:6

And thy mother — Showing that man and woman are joint-inheritors of the earthly dominion. R1553:6
To the spiritual Israelite, this would mean God's original covenant with Abraham, typified by Sarah. R4019:5, R3044:6

Long upon the land — Children obedient to parents are more inclined to obedience to country and Creator. Such obedience would be favorable to old age. R3044:6
The fact that the Jews did not dwell long in the land given them is evidence that they did not keep this commandment properly. R3044.6

[Exod. 20:13]

Thou shalt not kill — Any malice, hatred or anger is of the murder spirit. R4019:6, R5286:3
We are not to have an angry spirit of murder, restrained merely by fear of consequences. R5287:6
Life is to be prized, not jeopardized. R5287:6
Nothing in this commandment forbids the killing of animals when necessary, nor the execution of criminals. R5287:6, R4019:5, R3045:1
Murder is always wrong; killing is sometimes right, sometimes duty; but the destruction of birds, beasts and fishes wantonly, or for sport, is wrong. R3045:1
To take another's life is wrong, except when God's own Law demands it. SM352:1

[Exod. 20:14]

Not commit adultery — "Whosoever looketh upon a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. (Matt. 5:28) In other words,the spirit of God's Law is that to desire to do wrong and to be merely hindered by circumstances and conditions, is in God's sight as serious, as criminal, as to have really done that wrong. R4020:4, R5286:3
Purity, no adulteration, is the divine requirement. R5288:1
As the Lord's betrothed, the Church is to be uncontaminated, unadulterated, separate from the world. R3045:3

[Exod. 20:15]

Thou shalt not steal — A proper recognition of the property and rights of others, covering every form of theft, both public and private. R4020:4
Applies to defrauding another in any manner, depriving him of rights, liberties, or a good name, as well as of money or property. R3045:3
Including untruthful advertisements, misleading information, or misrepresentation. R3045:4
Includes making false tax returns, avoiding payment of customs duty and failure to give agreed upon services to employers. R5288:1
The worst form of stealing concerns the Scriptural instruction, "speak evil of no man. (Titus 3:2) R5288:1
To do so is wrong, unjust. SM352:1

[Exod. 20:16]

Bear false witness — Even by a nod of the head, the shrugging of the shoulder, or by silence. R3045:5
The spirit of this injunction may be violated, and is violated every day not only by misrepresenting the goods we sell, or the goods we wish to buy, but in a thousand ways of slandering a neighbor. R5288:4
To do so would be an injustice. SM352:1

[Exod. 20:17]

Shalt not covet — Covetousness is a heart disease which has to do with every other crime; for all sins have their basis in selfishness. R5288:4
Covetousness is an enviousness of the possessions of others and a desire to appropriate them for ourselves. R4021:4
Covetousness is like drinking the salt waters of the sea, which only increase the thirst. R2340:6
Covetousness first led Satan to disloyalty and sin. R3046:1
Not a desire to prosper as well as one's neighbor, but to possess the possession of our neighbor. R2340:1
The climax of all commandments respecting our relationship to our fellow-man. R4021:4
"Godliness with contentment (absence of covetousness) is great gain." (1 Tim. 6:6) R3046:1
Covetousness is wholly foreign to the spirit of Christ. To the extent that the spirit of Christ dwells in his members they will be free from it. R971:3, R1726:4
Only one covetousness is encouraged—"Covet earnestly the best gifts (1 Cor 12:31) — the gifts of divine grace which robs not others, does not make God poorer. R2340 6

[Exod. 20:18]

Noise of the trumpet — Type of the seventh trumpet. D630

[Exod. 20:19]

Said unto Moses — The typical Mediator between God and Israel. R4537:1, R2858:6
Representing Jesus, the Mediator "between God and man," the world. R4537:4; A79; B255; D630
Moses undertook to bless Israel by mediating for them with God the Law covenant, but failed because they were unable to keep the Law of God perfectly. R4537:1

Lest we die —Because we cannot stand even a reflection of the spiritual glory of the Lord. B131

[Exod. 20:21]

Where God was — All of this was typical. R5294:3

[Exod. 20:22]

The children of Israel — Who typified the world of mankind. R4537:1

[Exod. 20:24]

Peace-offerings — Type of entire consecration to God during the next age. T98

[Exod. 20:26]

Go up by steps — We cannot come to Christ by steps. We must come as we are and come at once. R101:5*

Nakedness be not discovered — When we try to break off old habits and be good by ourselves climbing up a few steps and coming to Christ-the shame of our nakedness appears. R101:5*

[Exod. 21:4]

And her children — The mother's nature, rights, privileges and liberties attached to the child. E105; R777:5

[Exod. 21:6]

Unto the Judges — Elohim, rulers, mighty ones. A name applied to Jehovah as well as to men. E68; R1410:3; SM497:2

For ever — "Forever" ceased at the cross. It means, until a proper end has been reached. R1453:6

[Exod. 21:12]

Be surely put to death — A just retribution for the sin. R5645:4

[Exod. 21:13]

Whither he shall flee — Arriving at the city of refuge, the culprit was not free, but must stand trial before the elders of the city. R3092:5

[Exod. 21:14]

With guile — Inquiry was made as to whether he had lain in wait, hunted for his victim, smote him in secret, for maliciousness, guile, prior enmity and hatred. (Deut. 19:4,6,11; Deut 27:24; Num. 35:11-23; Josh. 20:5) R3092:5

[Exod. 21:23]

Life for life — This was the basis of justice on which God was operating. R4426:1, R1917:1
God arranged that only one man should have the opportunity to fall and be sentenced to death; thus only one man would be required as a Redeemer of all humanity. R5429:6
A perfect human life having been condemned to death, it required a perfect human life to redeem it. Jesus "tasted death for every man." (Heb. 2:9) R4964:4, R1917:4;OV151:5
An illustration of the word "ransom." Q562:6
If a thousand perfect men had sinned, it would have required a thousand perfect men to redeem them. R5429:6; SM661:1
The blood (death) of bulls and of goats could never take away sin; likewise the death of angels or archangels could never take away sin (redeem man). R3174:5, R4426:2,R5429:6
The Philistines had caused the loss of many lives in Israel. Thus it was in full accord with divine instruction that they and other occupants of Canaan be utterly destroyed. R5663:5

[Exod. 21:24]

Eye for eye — This line of strict justice the Lord inculcated in the Law given to Israel to assist them in understanding the great principle of Justice underlying divine conduct. OV21:4; Q798:4
Strong characters may wish to correct that which is wrong, but it is not the time now to judge and discipline the world. R5644:5

[Exod. 21:26]

For his eye's sake — The common Law was no respecter of persons. There was no special legislation for the priesthood. A52

[Exod. 22:8]

Unto the judges — Elohim, rulers, mighty ones. A name applied to Jehovah as well as to men. E68; R1410:3

[Exod. 22:9]

Before the judges — Elohim, rulers, mighty ones. E68; R1410:3

[Exod. 22:18]

Not suffer a witch — A medium, or mouthpiece of fallen angels. R2172:1; Q840:T
Spirit mediums, clairvoyants and the like are the modern wizards and witches. Q840:T
It is not superstitious to believe that men and women may be so given over to Satan, and be so controlled by him as to be wizards and witches. R265:4
Witchcraft was instituted by Satan to prove his lie that the dead are not dead. R1216:2
Some of God's people today, notwithstanding this instruction, have attended Spiritualistic seances "just to see how it was done." R3240:5

[Exod. 22:21]

Vex a stranger — The laws protected the weak, the stranger, the servant. OV10:5

[Exod. 22:22]

Widow, or fatherless child — The Lord's special care is over the weak, helpless and bereaved ones. Q781:4

[Exod. 22:25]

That is poor — The Mosaic Law was far ahead of its time. A50

[Exod. 22:28]

Not revile the gods — Elohim, rulers, mighty ones. E68; R1410:3

Nor curse the ruler — The tendency to speak evil of dignitaries, to belittle and caricature them, is a prevalent sin and does much to undermine good government. R5952:5

[Exod. 23:2]

Not follow a multitude — The difficulty is that the whole world is running on the depraved basis of selfishiness which is quite incongruous to love. D525; R2033:1

[Exod. 23:4]

Thine enemy's ox — If such love was obligatory upon natural Israel, to what degree should spiritual Israel possess and manifest it. R5643:6 The Mosaic Law was far ahead of its time. A50

[Exod. 23:7]

Justify the wicked — But he has provided a way in which he can be just, and yet justify. (Rom. 3:26) HG308:2

[Exod. 23:9]

Oppress a stranger — The treatment of servants, strangers and the aged was the subject of special legislation, but there was none for the priesthood. A52

[Exod. 23:11]

The seventh year — Israel's year Sabbath typified a coming blessing to the world. OV250:5

[Exod. 23:12]

Thou shalt rest — The Mosaic Law was far ahead of its time. A50

[Exod. 23:16]

Feast of ingathering — The Feast of Tabernacles. R3509:1
The festival of the New Year and a thanksgiving occasion for the harvest. R3509:1
Instituted at the time Israel passed from the wilderness into the land of promise, commemorating the wilderness life and the entrance into Canaan. R3509:1

In the end of the year— There were two harvests: the first, of grain, in the spring, representing "Christ, and they that are Christ's at his coming"; (1 Cor. 15:23) the other, or great harvest, was at the end of the year. HG83:1

[Exod. 23:18]

With leavened bread — Leaven is corruption, an element of decay, hence a type of sin. R5192:4; F464; T98

Shall the fat — Symbol of loving zeal. T57

[Exod. 23:23]

Cut them off — A depraved race, whose sins and iniquities had come to the full. Q779:5

[Exod. 24:1]

Seventy of the elders — Supposedly the original Sanhedrin. R4037:2, R3346:3
Similarly, the 70 whom the Lord sent forth represented all the leaders or elders amongst his people today. R3346:3

[Exod. 24:2]

And Moses alone — Moses was the Mediator of the Law covenant. Christ became the heir of its promises of life and the (head of) the Mediator of the New covenant. R1725:4
God dealt with only one man in making the Law covenant. Moses stood in the position of a father, the nation being treated as children under age. R5046:4
Moses is Mediator of the Law covenant as long as it is in effect. Moses is Mediator of the Law covenant today. Q498:3

[Exod. 24:3]

Moses came and told — For a period of 1000 years, this Mediator will do a work for mankind. R5292:3

[Exod. 24:5]

Burnt offerings, and — The blood of peace-offerings and burnt-offerings sealed the Law covenant, picturing the Church sacrificing earthly rights, and that God accepts these sacrifices as sealing the New covenant-entirely aside from the Atonement for Adamic sin accomplished by the same sacrifices, viewed from the standpoint of the sin-offering. R4389:6
Peace-offerings are a type of entire consecration to God during the next age. T98
More than one bullock and goat because of the multitude of the people to be sprinkled. In reality, one bullock and one goat duplicated as often as necessary to provide a sufficiency of blood. R2874:5;CR485:5

[Exod. 24:6]

And Moses took — Representing a greater than Moses, Jesus and his Church. Q29:4

Sprinkled on the altar — Representing the satisfaction of justice. R5162:6
In the antitype, our Lord's blood was first applied on our behalf. R4513:6

[Exod. 24:7]

The covenant — Representing the better covenant. Q29:4
God agreed that if Israel would keep his Law they would have everlasting life. R5292:2

[Exod. 24:8]

Took the blood — Representing man's acceptance of the divine arrangement. R5342:6
The sprinkling of the books of the Law took only a few seconds; sprinkling the people took a long time. R5342:6

On the people — Sprinkled from all sympathy with evil, mankind will make their declaration of full loyalty to God. R5164:2
Probably not on the two millions, but upon representatives of the whole, the heads or chiefs of the tribes. R3046:2
Bringing them under the obligation of the Law covenant. R5000:1, R5162:6
So The Christ, during the Millennium, will sprinkle the world of mankind, bringing them into harmony with the divine law. It will require the thousand years. R5421:5; CR485:5
The sprinkling with the blood represents justification. R5421:5
The Mediator will antitypically sprinkle the people; that is, he will show them how to come back into full accord with God. R5164:2
In antitype, the blood sprinkling the whole world means restitution. R5878:4
When the Church shall have finished using the blood that same merit will be applied "for all the people," sealing the New covenant. R4513:6

Of the covenant — A covenant does not go into operation until after it has been fully mediated. R5164:1

Which the LORD hath made — To last for centuries, but only one year at a time; renewed by the annual Day of Atonement sacrifices. R5162:6

[Exod. 24:10]

Saw the God of Israel — That is, the Lord's special messenger, the angel of the Lord. Q360:2

[Exod. 24:12]

Which I have written — Moses thus attributes the origin of the Mosaic Law to God, not to himself. A53

[Exod. 24:16]

Cloud covered it — Similarly, the Church is generally enveloped in clouds of trouble which hide the glory from others. By and by her glory shall be manifested without the enveloping cloud. R1982:2

[Exod. 25:3]

Gold — Representing the divine nature. T18

And silver — Symbol of truth. T114

And brass — Copper, symbol of perfect human nature. T18

[Exod. 25:4]

And blue — Symbol of faithfulness. T30

And purple — Symbol of royalty. T34

And scarlet — Symbol of the blood of the ransom. T34, T109

And fine linen — Symbol of righteousness. T29, T30, T36

[Exod. 25:5]

And badgers' skins — As God covered the Tabernacle with unsightly skins, so the glory and beauties of spiritual things are seen only by the "Royal Priesthood." T127

[Exod. 25:6]

Anointing oil — Symbol of the holy Spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650; R5654:5

[Exod. 25:7]

Stones to be set — The Lord's jewels, his "Little Flock." T36

In the ephod — Type of the Abrahamic covenant (front part) and the New covenant (back part) T30

In the breastplate — Type of the Law. T34

[Exod. 25:9]

Tabernacle — The lessons of the Tabernacle represent both progress and completion. R4579:1

[Exod. 25:10]

Shall make an ark — It represented the eternal purpose of God for mankind in The Christ, Head and Body. T121
Wood was used as a base to make the articles more easily portable. T18
Representing Christ, in whom are hidden all the wisdom and power of God. R5680:5
Tradition says that the Jewish high priests took the ark and other temple treasures to Abyssinia for safe keeping at the time of the captivity and that they will be found in the monastery islands of Lake Zonai. R3450:5

Of shittim wood — Wood not typical, used merely for lightness. R1236:6

[Exod. 25:11]

With pure gold — Representing the divine nature. T18
The fact that all things in the Tabernacle were made of gold implies that it represented the condition of such only as are called to the divine nature. T20

[Exod. 25:16]

The testimony — To show that Christ would meet in full all the requirements of God's perfect Law and also that legal authority would be vested in him as the Law-executor. T121

[Exod. 25:17]

Make a mercy seat — Representing the underlying principle of Jehovah's character-justice. T124
Representing the chariot or throne. R529:6*

[Exod. 25:18]

Make two cherubims — Representing love and power. T125
They are always connected with the immediate presence, or with the throne, of God. R529:6*

[Exod. 25:20]

Toward the mercy seat — Neither love nor power can be exercised until justice is fully satisfied; hence they look inward toward justice to know when to move. T125

[Exod. 25:23]

Also make a table — Representing the Church as a whole, holding forth the word of life. T115

[Exod. 25:30]

Shewbread — Representing the truth, the word of life. T22, T115
Spiritual food. R5418:5, R5621:6
Only for the priests to eat. Granted to the fully consecrated that by these they might be strengthened to carry out fully their consecration unto death. R4782:4

[Exod. 25:31]

Make a candlestick — Representing the entire Church, the true light-bearers. T116; R243:3*
Representing the light of God's truth. R5621:6, R5418:5
Had seven branches, typifying perfection or completeness. R243:3*
No dimensions given. Truth, like its author, is boundless. R243:3*
We may gain an accurate conception of its appearance from the Arch of Titus in Rome. R3650:6
It was the light in the Holy, as the Shekinah glory was the light in the Most Holy. R3650:5
Does not represent the Church in the future state of glory giving light to the world; that will be as the "Sun of righteousness." (Mal. 4:2) R3650:6
Same as that in Zech. 4:2 and Rev. 1:20, showing all the true saints in the various phases of nominal church development. R1491:1
In Revelation the same candlestick is brought to our attention, but the parts are separated, the union being supplied by the antitypical High Priest. R3569:4

Of beaten work—Not cast wholesale in a mold. As is the shaft, so are the branches-all of beaten work. R243:4*

[Exod. 25:33]

Like unto almonds — In the almond tree fruit buds appear before leaves. So with the Royal Priesthood, they begin to sacrifice, to bring forth fruit, before the leaves of profession are seen. T121
The Hebrew word for "almond" is from a root meaning "to hasten." Regarded by the Jews as a harbinger of spring. Remarkable for early blossoming (even in January) and flowers appearing before the leaves. R244:1*

A knop and a flower — Representing the true Church as both beautiful and fruitful from first to last. T116
In continuous succession, typifying the beautiful graces of a Christian spirit accompanying the solid fruits of Christian life-faith and works. R243:5*
A vigorous ever-developing plant, always blooming, continually fruit-bearing; like the trees by the river of life, yielding fruit every month. R243:5*

[Exod. 25:37]

Light — One of the most powerful forces in nature; one of the most quiet: it is peculiarly expressive of the character of God and his people. R243:2*

[Exod. 25:40]

After their pattern — Because it illustrated something greater and more important to come afterward. T12

[Exod. 26:1]

With ten curtains — Evidently forming the ceiling, and hanging down each side within the Tabernacle. R100:2*

Fine twined linen — Symbol of righteousness.T29, T30, T36

And blue — Symbol of faithfulness. T30

And purple — Symbol of royalty. T34

And scarlet — Symbol of the blood of the ransom.T34, T109

With cherubims — Symbol of divine love and power. T125

[Exod. 26:6]

Taches of gold — Representing the divine nature. T18, T20

[Exod. 26:11]

Taches of brass — Copper, symbol of perfect human nature. T18

[Exod. 26:14]

Of badgers' skins — As God covered the Tabernacle with unsightly skins, so the glories and beauties of spiritual things are seen only by the "Royal Priesthood." T127

[Exod. 26:19]

Of silver — Symbol of truth. T114

[Exod. 26:29]

Boards with gold — Showing that all within the Holy and Most Holy pertain to the divine nature. R1944:1

[Exod. 26:30]

Which was shewed thee — Moses thus attributes the origin of the Mosaic Law to God, not to himself. A54

[Exod. 26:31]

Shalt make a veil — The passing of the second veil represented the death of the human body. T21

Of blue — Symbol of faithfulness. T30

And purple — Symbol of royalty. T34

And scarlet — Symbol of the blood of the ransom.T34, T109

Fine twined linen — Symbol of righteousness. T29, T30, T36

With cherubims — Symbol of divine love and power. T125

[Exod. 26:32]

Shall be of gold — Representing the divine nature. T18, T20

Sockets of silver — Reality, truth, verity; seeming to say that inside this veil you will be perfect, really and truly New Creatures. T115

[Exod. 26:33]

The ark — It represented the eternal purpose of God for mankind in The Christ, Head and Body. T121

The holy — Representing the condition of all those who as justified believers have consecrated to death. T19
Only the priests will be in the Holy. Only the Levites will be in the Court. The Great Company is represented by "silver" in contradistinction to the Church, who are represented in the gold of the Holy and Most Holy. R4745:6
Corresponds to Plane M on the Chart of the Ages. R276:5; A244

Place — Omit this word; not in the Hebrew text. T13

And the most holy — The condition of the overcomers who attain to the divine nature. T19
Corresponds to Plane L on the Chart of the Ages. R276:4; A244

[Exod. 26:34]

Put the mercy seat — The Mercy Seat, glory-light and cherubim together represented Jehovah God. T123
Both a mercy-seat and a justice-seat. R641:1

Upon the ark — "The head of Christ is God." (1 Cor. 11:3) T124

[Exod. 26:35]

Shalt set the table — Representing the Church as a whole, holding forth the word of life. T115; R5418:5

And the candlestick — Representing the entire Church, the true lightbearers. T116
Representing the light of God's truth. R5621:6, R5418:5

[Exod. 26:36]

Hanging for the door — Symbol of the death of the human will. T21

[Exod. 26:37]

Five pillars — The door posts at the entrance to the Tabernacle represented the "New Creatures in Christ"-the consecrated saints. The difference between these and the posts in the "Court" represents the difference between the condition of the justified believers and the sanctified believers. T114

Sockets of brass — Copper, representing our justified humanity; showing that while in the first apartment of the Tabernacle we have this treasure in earthen vessels. T114

[Exod. 27:1]

Shalt make an altar — Representing Christ's ransom sacrifice. T22

Five cubits long and five — Being square, it typified the perfection of Christ.R101:1*

Three cubits — Comparatively low, typifying one who is easy of access, and a free salvation. R101:1

[Exod. 27:2]

Make the horns — Symbols of power. T42
Pointing to Christ as our refuge and his abundance of power and grace to all. R101:1*

Upon the four corners — In every direction; so God's power to all men is unlimited. R96:1

Overlay it with brass — Copper, symbol of perfect human nature. T18

[Exod. 27:9]

Make the court — Representing the condition of justification. T19
Representing the justified condition. In proportion as those in the Court advance toward the Ho1y, in that proportion they draw nigh to God and experience a measure of justification or harmony with God, leading to complete justification. R4745:3
In the present time the Court represents the condition of divine favor of all those who, exercising faith in God, are approaching nearer and nearer to him. R4922:5, R5418:3
The picture changes at the end of this age: those who have not made a full consecration go out and cease to be represented in the Court. The Great Company is represented by the Court condition thereafter. R4876:4,R4579:1-3
Only the Levites will be in the Court. In the last analysis the Court represents the spirit-begotten ones separated from the world. R4745:6
Corresponds to Plane N on the Chart of the Ages. R276:5; A244

Hangings for the court — Representing, to those within, a wall of faith; but to those without, a wall of unbelief, which hindered their view of, and access to, the holy things within. T18
Apparently without seam, symbolizing the righteousness of Christ. R100:3*

Fine twined linen — Representing Christ's righteousness. T36, T114

[Exod. 27:10]

The twenty pillars — Representing justified believers. T113

Sockets shall be of brass — Copper, representing that, though actually imperfect, the standing of the justified believer is that of a perfect human being. T113

Hooks ... of silver — Silver being a symbol of truth, justified believers (pillars) can truthfully claim that Christ's righteousness (the linen curtain) covers all their imperfections. T114
Truth is the hook, or connection, which binds the Church to the curtain of linen and, by it, to each other. R100:5*
As we are told to search for truth as for silver (Prov. 2:4) and as David likens the words of the Lord to silver (Psa. 12:5) we conclude that truth is symbolized by silver. R100:5*
The Great Company class was represented by the "silver." R4745:6

[Exod. 27:16]

And for the gate — "I am the way" (John 14:6) "I am the door" (John 10:9) There is only one way of access to God. T18
The way out of unbelief and sin. T22

Of blue — "True blue" is the symbol for a faithful one. Blue in countries' flags stands for fidelity. In (Num. 15:37-41) a blue fringe on Israel's garments was to recall faithfulness. R100:6*

And purple — In (Judges 8:26) we find that the kings of Midian were robed in this color. R100:6*

[Exod. 27:18]

Height five cubits — The posts were five cubits high and five cubits apart; standing, as it were, within reach of one another, yet too far apart to lean upon one another. R100:3*

[Exod. 27:20]

Pure oil olive — Symbolic of the holy Spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650

For the light — Representing the spirit of truth. T116

[Exod. 27:21]

Aaron — Representing our High Priest, Christ. T36, T116; E449

And his sons — Who succeeded him in office. T116

[Exod. 28:1]

His sons with him — There were 8,580 Levites, but only five priests sacrificing, which may illustrate the proportion of justified believers to self-sacrificing consecrated ones. T118,R443:1
After the establishment of the Kingdom the distinction between the Church and the larger company ot Levites will be perpetual. R5418:5

[Exod. 28:2]

Make holy garments — Symbolizing the heavenly grandeur, honors and glories of the Messiah during his reign. OV127:5
Clad in his robes of glory, the High Priest represented Messiah blessing mankind. PD36

[Exod. 28:3]

Spirit of wisdom — Fecundating their minds, energizing natural faculties without affecting them in any moral sense. E175

[Exod. 28:4]

A breastplate — Type of the Law. T34

And an ephod — Type of the Abrahamic covenant (front part) and the New covenant (back part) T30

And a robe — Of blue, representing Christ's faithfulness. T30

A broidered coat — Of white linen, representing the High Priest's purity. It's embroidery showed works of grace. T29

A mitre — Of white linen (righteousness) to which the golden plate, or crown, (royalty) was fastened. T29

And a girdle — Indicating a righteous servant. T30

Make holy garments — Symbolizing the heavenly grandeur, honors and glories of Messiah during his reign. OV127:5
Clad in his robes of glory, the High Priest represented Messiah blessing mankind. PD36

[Exod. 28:5]

Shall take gold — Representing the divine nature. T18, T20

And blue — Symbol of faithfulness. T30

And purple — Symbol of royalty. T34

And scarlet — Symbol of the blood of the ransom.T34, T109

And fine linen — Symbol of righteousness. T29, T30, T36

[Exod. 28:6]

Make the ephod — Type of the Abrahamic covenant (front part) and the New covenant (back part) T30

Of gold — Representing divine power. T34

Of blue — Representing the ability faithfully to maintain his righteous character. T34

And of purple — Proclaims the royal power of the Kingdom cooperating. T34

Of scarlet — Representing redemption from the Adamic curse through the blood of the ransom. T34

Fine twined linen — Indicating the restoration of man to his original purity. T34

[Exod. 28:7]

Two shoulder pieces — Golden clasps, representing divine power to enable Christ to carry out the terms of both covenants. T30

[Exod. 28:8]

The curious girdle — Representing a servant. "The messenger (servant) of the covenant whom ye delight in." (Mal. 3:1) T33
A servant of a "curious" or peculiar kind. R72:3

[Exod. 28:15]

The breastplate — Type of the Law. T34

[Exod. 28:16]

Being doubled — Representing the spirit and the letter of the Law. The front part, which bore the jewels, representing the spirit of the Law, fulfilled in us "who walk not after the flesh, but after the spirit." (Rom. 8:4) The back part representing the Law in letter as presented to fleshly Israel. T35; R72:4
Representing the Jewish and Gospel ages. R72:5

A span — Indicating that the Law of God is the full measure of a perfect man's ability. T35; R72:5

[Exod. 28:21]

And the stones — Representing the true Israel, the "Little Flock." "They shall be mine, saith the Lord of Hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels." (Mal. 3:17) T36

[Exod. 28:22]

Work of pure gold — Indicating that the Law is divine and that we are upheld by the golden chain of divine promises. T36

[Exod. 28:27]

The ephod underneath — As the Israelite regarded them, not seeing the hidden connection, the Abrahamic covenant and the Law were all one. T34

[Exod. 28:29]

Upon his heart — Showing the Law as a covering for his innermost affections. R72:4
"The Law of his God is in his heart." (Psa. 37:31) R72:4

Continually — That is, all through the year, except on the Atonement Day. R160:6*

[Exod. 28:30]

Urim and the Thummim — Hard cases of judgment were, after Moses' death, brought directly to the Lord through the High Priest, the answer being Yes or No by the Urim and Thummim. A49
Working in some unknown way with the stones of the breastplate. R5042:4; Q697:2
Perhaps by particular stones on the breastplate shining with special brilliancy; perhaps light being Yes, and dark No; nothing definite. Q728:2

Upon Aaron's heart —Indicating that it was precious to him. That which condemned all imperfection was Christ's pleasure—" I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart." (Psa. 40:8) T35

[Exod. 28:31]

Of blue — Symbol of Christ's faithfulness. T30

[Exod. 28:33]

Shalt make pomegranates — Representing that the faithful performance of the Redeemer's work of sacrifice has borne rich fruits. T30

And bells of gold— Signifying that when our High Priest appears in glory the fruit of his sacrificial work will be proclaimed to all. T30

[Exod. 28:36]

Plate of pure gold — A crown proclaiming his royalty. Christ is to be "a priest upon his throne." (Zech. 6:13) T29

HOLINESS TO THE LORD — Thus proclaiming Christ's entire devotion to the accomplishment of Jehovah's purposes. T30

[Exod. 28:37]

On a blue lace — Showing that the crown was rightfully his. T29

[Exod. 28:39]

Thou shalt embroider — The white linen coat represented Christ's purity, while its embroidery showed works of grace. T29

Make the mitre — White linen (righteousness) to which the golden plate or crown of royalty was fastened. T29

Make the girdle — Indicating a righteous servant. T30

[Exod. 28:40]

And for Aaron's sons — Representing the members of Christ's Body. T36

Make coats — Linen garments, representing the righteousness of Jesus imputed to his Body members. T36

For them girdles — Representing us as servants of righteousness. T36

And bonnets — To indicate that they were not the head of the priesthood, but merely members of the body. God gave Jesus "to be the head over all things to the church, which is his body." (Eph. 1:22, 23) T36; R72:6

[Exod. 28:41]

Aaron ... and his sons — The anointing came upon Aaron only at first, but then upon each of his sons as they succeeded to the office of chief priest. F131; Q689:3
The High Priest was anointed with oil, which constituted the divine evidence of his call to the priestly office. SM598:2

[Exod. 28:42]

Linen — Symbol of righteousness. T29, T30, T36

[Exod. 28:43]

Unto the altar — The Golden Altar in the Holy represents the Church in the sacrificing condition. T120
Representing the privilege of worship and prayer. R5418:5

And die — Every feature had to be exactly performed because typical of important future events. To insure this the penalty for any violation was death. T12

[Exod. 29:1]

One young bullock — All that happened to the bullock represented what was to be done to Jesus and to his Body, the Church, as human beings. T41

And two rams — The ram for the burnt-offering to show how God receives our sacrifice, and the ram of consecration to show what effect the sacrifice will have upon us. T45

Without blemish — Had our Lord not been absolutely free from sin he never could have redeemed us. R1186:6
The sacrifice which we are privileged to make is of things to which we have a right through Christ, which in themselves are lawful and right. R1187:1
The sacrifice of all our rights implies the sacrifice of life itself as human beings. R1187:4

[Exod. 29:2]

And unleavened bread — Representing the actual purity of Jesus and the imputed purity of the Church-justification. T46

Tempered with oil — Representing the indwelling spirit of God— sanctification. T46

[Exod. 29:4]

Aaron and his sons — Representing the new spiritual nature of The Christ. T41

Bring unto the door — Symbol of the death of the human will. T21

Wash them with water — To represent the purity of Jesus, who knew no sin, and his Church, cleansed through his precious blood and "the washing of water by the word." (Eph. 5:26) T29
The consecration of the priests began at the laver. R117:1

[Exod. 29:5]

The coat — Representing Christ's purity, while its embroidery showed works of grace. T29

Robe of the ephod — Representing Christ's faithfulness. T30

And the ephod — Type of the Abrahamic covenant (front part) and the New covenant (back part) T30

And the breastplate — Type of the Law. T34

With the curious girdle — Representing a servant. "The Messenger (servant) of the covenant whom ye delight in." (Mal. 3:1) T33

[Exod. 29:6]

Put the holy crown — Representing the power to rule. B83

[Exod. 29:7]

The anointing oil — Typifying the holy Spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650; R5654:5

And anoint him — Only the High Priest was anointed. As with the under-priests, the antitypical priests are merely partakers of the spirit of Christ, and only those who are in Christ Jesus partake of his anointing. T37
The High Priest was anointed with oil, which constituted the divine evidence of his call to the priestly office. SM598:2

[Exod. 29:8]

Bring his sons — Sons only. Similarly, only the males were chosen to be the special public servants and ambassadors of the Gospel. F265
Put coats upon them - Linen garments, representing the righteousness of Jesus imputed to us. F36

[Exod. 29:9]

With girdles — Representing us as servants of righteousness. T36

Bonnets on them — To indicate that they were not the head, but merely members of the body. God gave Jesus "to be the head over all things to the church, which is his body." (Eph. 1:22, 23) T36
In covering their heads the under-priests said, we are headless, the High Priest is our head. The spiritual Royal Priesthood must all be headless also. R2845:4

For a perpetual statute — Or, age-lasting. Aaron's family lost the priesthood 1800 years ago. HG582:3*

[Exod. 29:10]

Cause a bullock — No goat, because it was not "for the people." (Lev. 16:15) R4384:6

Tabernacle of the congregation — More properly, the tent of meeting. So called, not because the Israelites met here as a congregation, but because it was here that God met with the children of Israel and communicated with them. R4029:6

Put their hands — Thus saying, this sacrifice represents us. T41; R73:1

Upon the head of the bullock — In the consecration of the priests a bullock only is shown as the sin offering (no goat, because it was not "for the people"). R4384:6

[Exod. 29:11]

And thou — Moses, representing the Law. T41

Kill the bullock — To meet the demands of the Law. T41

[Exod. 29:12]

Take of the blood — Representing the life given. T42

Upon the horns — Horns are symbols of power. T42

Of the altar — The "finger of the Lord" thus pointed out that the altar of earthly sacrifices was acceptable to God by reason of the shed blood, and that all who realize the power of the altar must first recognize the blood which sanctifies it. T42; R73:1

Bottom of the altar — The blood poured at the base of the altar showed that through the blood of the sacrifice even the earth was purchased back from the curse. T42

[Exod. 29:13]

Take all the fat — Symbol of loving zeal. T57

And burn them — Representing the steady, continuous submission to the fiery ordeal of suffering. T71

Upon the altar — Showing that God accepts the heart devotion which prompts the sacrifice. T42

[Exod. 29:14]

And his dung — The world dis-esteems the sacrifices of the saints as the consuming of "the filth and offscouring of the earth." (1 Cor. 4:13) "They shall say all manner of evil against you falsely for my sake." (Matt. 5:11) T62

Burn with fire — Representing the destruction to which the world was doomed, and from which it will ultimately be delivered by the sacrifice of The Christ. T42
Representing the gradual destruction of the flesh. R4385:1
Jesus' flesh suffered the destruction which otherwise would have come upon all men. R73:2

Without the camp — Thus the humanity of the Royal Priesthood is destroyed as a vile thing in the eyes of the world. T42, T62
"Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach." (Heb. 13:13) T62
Outside the camp signifies ostracism, rejection of men, dishonor. R4385:1
As living next door to a worldly neighbor and bearing the reproach of those, living as a consecrated priest of the Lord. Q688:T
We are in harmony with this burning outside the camp. The New Creature says, "Let the flesh burn." We suffer in this burning, but do so willingly. CR487:1

[Exod. 29:15]

Also take one ram — The first ram, showing how God receives our sacrifice. T45

Aaron and his sons — Representing the new spiritual nature of The Christ. T41

Put their hands — Thus indicating that it represented them. T42

[Exod. 29:16]

And thou — Moses, representing the Law. T41

[Exod. 29:17]

Wash the inwards — Representing the washing of water through the word. (Eph 5:26) T45

Unto his pieces — Representing the members of Christ's Body.T45; SM559:2
The pieces, laid in order to the head, represent the relationship of the members of the Body with the Lord, the Head of the Body. R4384:6

And unto his head — Representing the Lord Jesus, who was laid on the altar first. T45

[Exod. 29:18]

Burn the whole ram — Representing steady submission to fiery trials. T71

A burnt offering — Representing the Lord and the Church in their united, and yet divided, relationship. R4384:6

Is a sweet savour — Showing how God accepts the sacrifice. T45; R73:2

[Exod. 29:19]

Take the other ram — To show the effect the sacrifice has on us. T45

Aaron and his sons — Representing the new spiritual nature of The Christ. T41

Put their hands — Thus indicating that it represented them. T42

[Exod. 29:20]

Then shalt thou — Moses, representing the Law. T41

Take of his blood — Representing the consecrated life. T45

Of the right ear — Representing that by consecration we get the "hearing of faith." (Gal. 3:2) T45

Of his sons —Showing that our consecration is individual. T45

Their right hand — Our hands are consecrated, so that what so ever our hands find to do we do it with our might, as unto the Lord. T45

Their right foot — Our feet are consecrated, so that henceforth we "walk not as other Gentiles," (Eph 4:17) but "walk in newness of life," (Rom. 6:4) "walk by faith," (2 Cor. 5:7) "Walk in the spirit," (Gal. 5:16) "walk in the light," (1John 1:7) and even "as we received Christ, so walk in him." (Col. 2:6) T45

[Exod. 29:21]

Take of the blood — Teaching that our consecration is accepted only because we are justified by the precious blood of our Redeemer. T46; F131

And of the anointing oil — "There are three that bear record: the spirit and the water and the blood, and these three agree in one." (1 John 5:8). R73:5

[Exod. 29:22]

The fat — Symbol of loving zeal. T57
The more love (fat) there is connected with our consecration, the more quickly will it be accepted by him as entire consecration. R73:4

The two kidneys — Representing our heart sentiments, our best powers. T45

[Exod. 29:23]

One loaf of bread — Unleavened, representing the actual purity of Jesus and the imputed purity of the Church—justification. T46
First, we acknowledge the purity of the man Christ Jesus. R73:4

Cake of oiled bread — Representing the indwelling spirit of God— sanctification. T46
Showing Jesus as our High Priest "filled with the spirit." R73:4

One wafer — Showing our appreciation of him as our glorified Lord. R73:4

The basket — Representative of all their bread. R73:4

Of the unleavened bread — Purity. R73:4

[Exod. 29:24]

Put all —The acknowledgments of Christ, shown by the three cakes, are necessary to the acceptance of our consecration. R73:4

For a wave offering — Passed to and fro before the Lord. T45
Representing that a consecrated offering is not given to the Lord for a limited time, but never ceases until we have finished our course. T45

[Exod. 29:25]

Of their hands — They did not lay them down, and so we may not cease to offer all our powers in God's service until all are consumed. T46

Burn them—God's acceptance is shown by fire. R73:4

[Exod. 29:30]

Seven days — Showing that we are consecrated to God's service for all of our time. T47

[Exod. 29:31]

Seethe his flesh — It was no part of the sacrifice, merely the preparing of the portion which was to be eaten. T47

In the holy place — When "place" is not in italics, the Court is always meant. T13; R237:3*, R178:2*
Representing our more earthly phase of life. R237:3*

[Exod. 29:34]

Burn the remainder — Showing that we are to be completely and entirely consecrated, and none of our time and power should be wasted. T47; R73:5

[Exod. 29:35]

Seven days — Showing that we are consecrated, not part of our time, but all of it; seven being the number of completion. R73:6

[Exod. 29:43]

There I will meet — The Church is now a habitation of God, filled with a large measure of his glory. R1982:2

[Exod. 30:1]

Make an altar — The Golden altar in the Holy represents the Church in the sacrificing condition. T120
The Golden altar was only acceptable because it had been sprinkled with the atoning blood taken from the side of the Brazen altar. R101:4*

To burn incense — Representing the privileges of worship and prayer. R5418:5
Sweet incense, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ, the incense of faith, love and obedience to God. T120, T56

[Exod. 30:2]

The horns — Symbols of power. T42

[Exod. 30:3]

With pure gold — Representing the divine nature. T18, T20

[Exod. 30:6]

Before the vail — The passing of the second veil represented the death of the human body. T21

That is by the ark — It represented the eternal purpose of God for mankind in The Christ, Head and Body. T121

The mercy seat — The Mercy Seat, glory-light and cherubim together represented Jehovah God. T124

[Exod. 30:7]

And Aaron — And his sons who succeeded him in office. T116

When he dresseth — Representing the trimming off the dross of the old nature, the wick through which the holy Spirit operates. T117

The lamps — Seven lamps, representing the complete Church. T115

[Exod. 30:8]

Burn incense — Offer acceptable prayer. R17:6

At even —The High Priest daily fills us with the mind of Christ and trims off the dross of the old nature.T116

[Exod. 30:10]

And Aaron — Representing our High Priest, Christ. T36, T116; E449

Make an atonement — The offerings were presented to God, not to Satan. E449

Once in a year — On the Day of Atonement, which typified the entire Gospel age. T50

With the blood — None can fully appreciate the power of this altar without first recognizing the blood. R96:1

Unto the LORD — The sacrifices for sin, under the Law, were sin offerings unto Jehovah. R685:4

[Exod. 30:13]

This — This poll tax. R3447:6, R2367:1

Half a shekel — About 33 cents. R2367:1

[Exod. 30:18]

A laver — No dimensions given. Truth, like its author, is boundless. R243:6*
Dimensions not given; therefore, as a type, it must be considered unlimited. R118:4*
Typifying baptism. R117:1*
Typifying not baptism only, but the daily washings of the Word. R117:6*

Of brass — No wood in its construction, therefore no provision for the flesh. R117:2*

[Exod. 30:21]

So they shall wash — Aaron had to be washed in order fitly to represent the purity of Jesus. T29
Symbolizing the putting away of filthy practices — stealing, slander, envy, strife, back-biting, etc. R1543:6, R3054:2

[Exod. 30:23]

Principal spices — Representing principal things which go to make up the anointing which we receive. R4092.3*

Of pure myrrh — Symbol of wisdom-knowing what to do. R4093:2*

Five hundred shekels — The amount of myrhh was equal to the amounts of cinnamon and calamus combined. So God, in our anointing, gives us wisdom equal to our understanding and knowledge combined.R4093:2*

Of sweet cinnamon — Symbol of the understanding which we have of all the knowledge which we receive from God. R4093:2*

Of sweet calamus — Symbol of the knowledge which we receive from God's Word. R4093:2*

250 shekels — The amounts of cinnamon and calamus were equal, so we would expect in our anointing that we would have the understanding of all the knowledge received of God. R4093:2*

[Exod. 30:24]

And of cassia — Symbol of deputyship, described in Scripture as "workmanship" and as "counsel and might." God gives no knowledge except for a purpose. He establishes our faith by giving the understanding thereof, then gives us the wisdom to know what is expected of us, and finally blesses us with the advice and ability (counsel and might) necessary for good workmanship in the accomplishment of his purposes. All that is expected of us is full consecration to the Lord and his service. All the rest he will supply in knowledge, understanding, wisdom, counsel and might. With more than this he cannot anoint us. R4093:3*

And of oil olive — Symbol of light through the holy Spirit. D651

[Exod. 30:25]

Holy anointing oil — Typifying the holy Spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650; R5654:5, R72:2
Of peculiar composition-olive oil, the basis, with perfumes, etc., added. SM598:2
Poured out upon our Head, Christ Jesus. It reached the Church at Pentecost and has been f lowing down, anointing the members ever since. R2225:1
Jewish Law required that every king and every priest be anointed before serving. R5227:3

[Exod. 30:30]

Anoint Aaron — The anointing came upon Aaron only at first, but upon each of his sons as they succeeded to the office of chief priest. F131; Q689:3; T37
The High Priest was anointed with oil, which constituted the divine evidence of his call to priestly office. SM598:2

[Exod. 30:32]

Any other like it — The Israelites were not permitted to compound a similar oil, showing typically that the holy Spirit is different from everything else and that its anointing is superior to any other. SM598:2

After the composition — According to the proportion thereof. Those who mix the proportions of the spirit differently are false brethren. R4093:4*

[Exod. 30:33]

Even be cut off — Only the consecrated ones are ever to be anointed with the holy Spirit. T29

[Exod. 30:34]

Pure frankincense — Representing praise, heart adoration and gratitude. R3703:5

[Exod. 30:35]

A perfume — The prayers of God's people rise up before him as a sweet perfume. R5692:5

[Exod. 30:37]

Ye shall not make — None could be made like it. We think it represents the perfection of the "man Christ Jesus." R79:2

Holy for the LORD — As nobody was allowed to make that incense except the priests, so the privilege of prayer is confined to the Royal Priesthood. R5692:5

[Exod. 31:2]

By name Bezaleel — Signifies "shadow of the Almighty," a type of Christ. R4092:6*

The son of Uri — Signifies "light," the Light of the world. R4092:6*

The son of Hur — Meaning "grave," Christ humbled himself, even unto death. R4092:6*

The tribe of Judah — Meaning "praised"; Christ was praised in his pre-human existence. R4092:6*

[Exod. 31:3]

I have filled him — Fecundated their minds without affecting them in any moral sense. E175

In wisdom — See comments on Exodus 30:23, 24.

[Exod. 31:4]

To work in gold — Representing the divine nature. T18, T20; R4092:6*

And in silver — Symbol of truth. T114
Representing the spirit nature—Great Company. R4092:6*, R4745:6

And in brass — Copper, symbol of perfect human nature. T18, R4092:6*

[Exod. 31:5]

Cutting of stones — The polishing of the Lord's jewels. R4092:6*

To set them — As the Father pleases. R4093:1*

Carving of timber — The fallen human race. R4093:1*

Of workmanship — As restitution will produce for the race. R4093:1*

[Exod. 31:7]

And the ark — It represented the eternal purpose of God for mankind in The Christ, Head and Body. T121

The mercy seat — The Mercy Seat, glory-light and cherubim together represented Jehovah God. T123

[Exod. 31:8]

And the table — Representing the Church as a whole, holding forth the word of life. T115; R5418:5

The pure candlestick — Representing the entire Church, the true lightbearers. T116
Representing the light of God's truth. R5621:6, R5418:5

The altar of incense — The Golden altar in the Holy represents the Church in the sacrificing condition. T120
Representing the privileges of worship and prayer. R5418:5

[Exod. 31:9]

And the altar — Representing Christ's ransom sacrifice. T22

[Exod. 31:11]

And the anointing oil — Typifying the holy Spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650; R5654:5

And sweet incense — Representing the perfection of the man Jesus. When he came in contact with the trials of life (fire) he yielded perfect obedience to the divine will-a sweet perfume. T56, T120

[Exod. 31:13]

Verily my sabbaths — Type of the Millennial age. B40

Doth sanctify you — As the Lord said to the typical Israelites, "sanctify ourselves" and "I will sanctify you," so also he directs the spiritual Israelite to consecrate himself, and only to those who so do does the Lord sanctify and apportion crowns. F123

[Exod. 31:15]

The sabbath of rest — The Jews kept six kinds of sabbaths: the 7th day the 7th week the 7x7 and 50th day (Lev. 23:15); the beginning of the 7th month the 7th year and 7x7 and 50th year (Lev. 25:10) HG56:1

[Exod. 31:16]

A perpetual covenant — Olam, age-lasting. Used elsewhere of the harvest offering the Pentecostal sacrifice the Dav of Atonement and the Feast of Tabernacles HG582:2*

[Exod. 31:17]

It is a sign — The seal or mark of our covenant is wholly different. It is the possession of the spirit of Christ. R2032:3

[Exod. 31:18]

Two tables of testimony — Perhaps representing the two parts of God's Law: one pertaining to us and the other to our fellow men-loving God and loving neighbor. Q704:1

[Exod. 32:1]

When the people — Having an "evil heart of unbelief." (Heb. 3:12). R3046:3
As our Lord came to his own and thev received him not, so at his second coming professed spiritual Israel did not receive him. R3047:5
They were unable to trust God whom they could not see after his representative, Moses, was out of sight. R5298:1

That Moses delayed — Similarly our Lord's absence was longer than had been expected and many claim that he will not come again. R3048:1

As for this Moses — At this very time, when the people were thus speaking lightly of him, Moses was importuning the Lord for them. R3046:5

[Exod. 32:2]

And Aaron — The weakness of Aaron is very markedly shown in this incident. R3046:6

The golden earrings — Possibly a subterfuge, hoping that by making this demand they would draw back and decline to part with their ornaments. R4022:4, R3046:6

[Exod. 32:3]

And brought them — How many, in their worshiping of a sect or denomination, will strip themselves of their most valuable possessions. R4022:5

[Exod. 32:4]

A molten calf — Symbolizing Churchianity, as well as Mammon, the god of wealth, of money. R4022:6, R3047:3
Shall we, like Israel of old, turn to gods we formerly worshipped-gods of wealth or of pleasure. R5548:3
The Israelites probably recognized the golden calf as merely a symbol of Jehovah, just as the heathen use idols and some Christians use the crucifix as a representation of Christ. R5298:1, R4022:2, R3047:1
It is improbable that the jewelry would have been enough. Perhaps the calf was made of clay or wood and covered over with gold. R5298:2
Pictures the worship of self and the works of self, especially evidenced in Higher Criticism. R5267:3*
The sin of covetousness, the worship of Mammon, the idolatry of money, is the great sin of Christendom, the antitype of fleshly Israel. R1836:1

[Exod. 32:5]

An altar before it — It is but natural that we should sacrifice to whatever we set up in our hearts as an idol. If we know the things to which one sacrifices his best thoughts, time and influence, we can tell his idol. R4023:2

To the LORD — To Jehovah; showing that the idolatry here was not different from the kind practiced today in some Christian churches where images, pictures, crucifixes, etc. are worshipped. R3047:1, R5298:1, R4022:2

[Exod. 32:6]

Rose up to play — Dances and supposedly lewd conduct, after the manner of heathen. R3047:2
Idolatry is not the blind adoration of superior dignity, but it is wilful and sinful devotion to degrading self-gratification. R1835:6

[Exod. 32:9]

Unto Moses — Moses was the Mediator of the Law covenant. Christ became the heir of its promises of life and the Mediator of the New covenant. R1725:4
Who acted representatively in bringing the Law covenant upon the Israelites, as Christ acted representatively in removing it. R1725:4, R5046:6

A stiffnecked people — Like an ox, difficult to turn about. R5387:3
Their stubborness will eventually show the mercy of God through his dealing with them. OV120:4

[Exod. 32:10]

I will make of thee — Showing how thoroughly Moses was the representative of the nation of Israel. R5046:5

[Exod. 32:11]

Besought the LORD — He thus showed himself a worthy type of the great Mediator. R3046:5

[Exod. 32:13]

Remember Abraham — The Jews were not selected because they were holier or better than others, but for their fathers' sakes God chose them. R5917:3

[Exod. 32:15]

And went down — His return to the people from Mt. Sinai corresponded to the second coming of Christ. R1836:4

[Exod. 32:16]

And the tables — Representing the perfection of our race as originally created. R2196:4

[Exod. 32:19]

Anger waxed hot — As the Mediator between God and Israel—the representative of both—he had a right to be angry, realizing what a serious crime had taken place. R5298:2, R5547:2

Cast the tables — Type of the Law covenant. D631

And brake them — Representing the failure of the Law covenant by reason of the "weakness of the flesh." D631
Indicating that the covenant was broken. R5298:2
The first tables, prepared by the Lord himself, represents how Adam was created perfect, needing no other law than that which was in himself. But this law was broken and the original tables are shattered and have grown illegible. R5298:6

[Exod. 32:20]

in the fire — Symbolizes the destruction of hoarded wealth in the great time of trouble. R1836:4

[Exod. 32:26]

Then Moses — Our Lord is even now standing at the gate calling, as did Moses in the type, "Who is on the Lord's side?" R3048:2

All the sons of Levi —Typical of the "Israelites indeed" at both the first and second advents. R3047:5
Typical of the "household of faith" of the Gospel age. R3047:3

[Exod. 32:28]

About 3000 men — The leaders of the people. R3047:3

[Exod. 32:29]

Consecrate yourselves — Consecrate anew today, not invalidating the consecration made once for all, but re-affirming and emphasizing that covenant. R1281:3

[Exod. 32:30]

Sinned a great sin — In their trial of faith and obedience they failed utterly. The covenant was broken. R5297:3
God was greatly displeased with their symbolic representation of himself. R5298:1

I will go up — As Moses went up to make reconciliation for their sins, so Christ, as the High Priest, ascended to make atonement for the sins of the people. R3047:5

[Exod. 32:31]

And Moses — As God's representative on the one hand, and Israel's on the other, Moses could be the Mediator of the Law covenant between God and that nation. R1725:4, R5046:6
Type of Christ. D630; A79, B255

[Exod. 32:32]

Forgive their sin — After punishing them, God renewed the covenant with them. R5297:3

Blot me, I pray thee, out — As Moses here staked his own eternal existence for the benefit of the people, so the life of Christ was staked for the benefit of the race he died to redeem. R4023:5
Moses was a patriot of the highest order: loyal, as Israel's representative, and at the same time loyal to God, whom he also represented. R5298:3, R3048:4
There was not a particle of selfishness on his own part; a very noble character, worthy to be compared to our Lord Jesus Christ, who risked the blotting out of his own life on our behalf. Q537:3
This finds two parallels in Scripture: David weeping for Absalom, "Would God I had died for thee" and St. Paul's words, "I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren according to the flesh." (Rom. 9:3) R4278:2

Of thy book — The book of God's remembrance, the book of life. Q537:3

[Exod. 32:34]

Lead the people — Typifying our Mediator, who has actually given his life for us in order to bring whosoever wills back into full accord with God. R3048:5

Unto the place — The Edenic conditions, the land of promise. R3048:5

Their sin upon them — So it will be during the Millennial age. Men will receive stripes or chastisements in proportion as they participated willingly or knowingly in a course of sin. R3048:5

[Exod. 33:11]

Face to face — Signifying a closeness of fellowship with the Lord rather than really looking into the face of Jehovah. R4055:2
We see the Lord's face with the eye of faith, for we see the Lord Jesus who represents the Father and declares that he who has seen him has seen the Father. R4055:2
"Their angels do always have access to the face of my Father" all our interests and affairs are brought directly to the Father's attention. R4055:4

[Exod. 33:14]

My presence — By his spirit and through his angelic messengers. R5547:5
His power and sustaining grace. R5548:1
Because he was speaking to Moses as the Mediator. R5387:6
Not literally. God manifests his power and love to his people by his various powers and agents, not merely to know what is happening, but to control all events that they may outwork his designs. He guides and assists the efforts of his people. R5387:2
The divine presence was manifested directly with the Israelites in the Shekinah glory in the Most Holy and also by the pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night. R5387:5, R5548:1
Similarly, God has promised that his presence is with us in all the affairs of life. R5548:2, R5862:5

Shall go with thee — If we call him in the busy hours of the day or in the silent watches of the night, he is near to sustain, uphold and protect. R5549:1

I will give thee rest — The rest in Canaan was a type of the rest of the people of God in the Gospel age. We rest in his promises. R5388:1

[Exod. 33:15]

If thy presence go not — Moses felt the task too great for any man to accomplish alone and so do we. R5548:2

[Exod. 33:20]

No man see me, and live — "Whom no man hath seen nor can see, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto." (1 Tim. 6:16) F722
Humanity, being of earthly nature, could not see a spirit being. R3861:6 It is just as impossible for men to see the unveiled glory of the Lord Jesus as it is for them to behold Jehovah. B131
A perfect human being would be the best illustration mankind could see, and this they saw in our Lord Jesus, the Father's image in the flesh. R3861:6
Those who saw and understood Jesus to be the Son of God caught the best possible glimpse of the Heavenly Father. R5653:6

[Exod. 33:22]

My glory passeth by — The Lord's special messenger, the angel of the Lord. Q360:2

[Exod. 33:23]

Thou shalt see — An appearance representing God; nothing more was possible. "No man hath seen God at any time." (John 1:18) B132

[Exod. 34:1]

Two tables of stone — Representing that The Christ is commissioned to prepare the hearts of mankind for the rewriting of the divine law. R5299:1
Symbolized the preparation of mankind through the justification accomplished by Christ. R2196:4

And I will write —Typifyingthe work of The Christ during the Millennial age; the engraving of the law of God in the very hearts of all the willing. R2196:4

[Exod. 34:4]

Hewed two tables — Representing that The Christ is commissioned to prepare the hearts of mankind for the rewriting of the divine law. R5299:1

[Exod. 34:7]

By no means clear — God can never pardon sin. The word "pardon" does not occur in the New Testament, and in the Old should be translated "forgive." R387:1
To have pardoned Adam, God would have made of himself a liar. R386:6
The righteousness of God's law demanded a satisfaction for the claims of justice — a life for a life. R1917:1
Thus God's law demanded a ransom. R709:5
But he has provided a way in which he can be just and yet justify. (Rom. 3:26) HG308:2
Showing God's justice. Yet he was so loving that he gave his only begotten son to redeem us from death. R391:5
While justice was reading to Adam the penalty of the broken law, love was telling him that there would be a deliverance. R586:5

Unto the third and ... fourth — Contrary to Darwin. Deviations from the species prototype are corrected in the course of three generations—N.Y. Times. R4859:6*

[Exod. 34:9]

A stiffnecked people — Like an ox, difficult to turn about. R5387:3 Their stubbornness will eventually show the mercy of God through his dealing with them. OV120:4

[Exod. 34:21]

On the seventh day — Type of the Millennial age. R5071:6; B40; Q607:4

[Exod. 34:25]

With leaven — Symbol of corruption, sin. R5192:4; F464; T98

[Exod. 34:27]

A covenant with thee — God's covenant with Israel made at Sinai and the course of that people under the dominion of that Law are represented by the First Ascending Passage of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Ciii

[Exod. 34:28]

With the LORD — Supernaturally strengthened to behold his glory. B131

Covenant, the ten — The Law written upon tables of stone represented that covenant because every blessing under that covenant was made dependant upon absolute obedience to that Law. R1724:4
It served them well as a servant to bring them to Christ. R1724:5
The Ten Commandments were a part of the Law covenant, supplanted by the New covenant-"he is the Mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises." (Heb. 8:6) R1732:1

[Exod. 34:29]

Moses came down — A type of the greater lawgiver and Mediator of the New covenant, Christ, Head and Body, who shall come forth to bless the world. B134; D630; R5035:4

With the two tables — Representing the New covenant, of which Christ is the Mediator. D631; B134

His face shone — Typifying the spiritual glory of The Christ. B134; D631
The "figure" was "glorious"; the reality "excelleth" in glory. R1323:2*

[Exod. 34:30]

They were afraid — If unable to view this reflected glory, how could natural man ever expect to see him who is now "the express image of the Father's person"? (Heb. 1:3) B131

[Exod. 34:33]

A vail on his face — Typical of the blindness of their hearts. R1323:4*
Typifies the earthly phase of the Kingdom, the "princes in all the earth" through whom the Christ will speak to the people, the glory being hidden. D630; R5035:4, R5299:2, R4310:6
Illustrating that when the glory of the Lord is revealed the glory of the spiritual persons cannot be seen. They will be under cover. B134; R4366:5

[Exod. 35:2]

A sabbath of rest — Type of the Millennial age. R5071:6; B40; Q607:4

Doeth work therein — It does not say to cease from ordinary work and engage in religious work; but prohibits all kinds of work. R1727:1

[Exod. 35:3]

No fire — In the way of cooking. R1727:1, R971:5

[Exod. 35:5]

Gold — Representing the divine nature. T18, T20

And silver — Symbol of truth. T114

And brass — Copper, symbol of perfect human nature. T18

[Exod. 35:6]

And blue — Symbol of faithfulness. T30

And purple — Symbol of royalty. T34

And scarlet — Symbol of the blood of the ransom. T34, T109

And fine linen — Symbol of righteousness. T29, T30, T36

[Exod. 35:7]

And badgers' skins — As God covered the Tabernacle with unsightly skins, so the glories and beauties of spiritual things are seen only by the Royal Priesthood. T127

[Exod. 35:8]

And oil — Symbolic of the holy Spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650; R5654:5

[Exod. 35:9]

Stones to be set — The Lord's jewels, his "Little Flock." T36

For the ephod — Type of the Abrahamic covenant (front part) and the New covenant (back part) T30

For the breastplate — Type of the Law. T34

[Exod. 35:12]

The ark — It represents the eternal purpose of God for mankind in The Christ, Head and Body. T121

With the mercy seat — The Mercy Seat, glory-light and cherubim together represented Jehovah God. T123

The vail of the covering — The passing of the second veil represented the death of the human body. T21

[Exod. 35:13]

The table — Representing the Church as a whole, holding forth the word of life. T115

And the shewbread — Representing the truth, the word of life.T22, T115; R5418:5

[Exod. 35:14]

The candlestick — Representing the entire Church, the true light-bearers. T116

For the light — Representing holy enlightenment, the spirit of truth.T116; R5418:5, R5621:6

With the oil — Symbolic of the holy spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650; R5654:5

[Exod. 35:15]

The incense altar — The Golden altar in the Holy represents the Church in the sacrificing condition. T120
Representing the privileges of worship and prayer. R5418:5

The sweet incense — The sweet incense beaten small represented the perfection of the man Jesus. When the perfection of his being (incense) came in contact with the trials of life (fire) he yielded perfect obedience to the divine will-a sweet perfume. T56, T120

Hanging for the door — Symbol of the death of the human will. T21

[Exod. 35:16]

Altar of burnt offering — Representing Christ's ransom sacrifice. T22

[Exod. 35:17]

Hangings of the court — Representing to those within, a wall of faith; but to those without, a wall of unbelief which hindered their view of and access to the holy things within. T18

The door of the court — "I am the way," "I am the door." There is only one way of access to God. T18
The way out of unbelief and sin. T22

[Exod. 35:31]

With the spirit of God — Fecundated their minds, energizing natural faculties without affecting them in any moral sense. E175

[Exod. 36:8]

Fine twined linen — Symbol of righteousness. T29, T30, T36

And blue — Symbol of faithfulness. T30

And purple — Symbol of royalty. T34

And scarlet — Symbol of the blood of the ransom. T34, T109

With cherubims — Symbol of divine love and power.T125

[Exod. 36:13]

Taches of gold — Representing the divine nature. T18, T20

[Exod. 36:18]

Taches of brass — Copper, symbol of perfect human nature. T18

[Exod. 36:19]

He made a covering — No eye could penetrate it. Representing our "hidden life" in which we "walk by faith, not by sight." R237:3*

Of badgers' skins — As God covered the Tabernacle with unsightly skins, so the glories and beauties of spiritual things are seen only by the Royal Priesthood. T127

[Exod. 36:24]

Sockets of silver — Symbol of truth. T114

[Exod. 36:35]

He made a vail — The passing of the second veil represented the death of the human body. T21

[Exod. 36:37]

The tabernacle door — Symbol of the death of the human will. T21

[Exod. 36:38]

The five pillars — The door posts at the entrance to the Tabernacle represented the "New Creatures in Christ"-the consecrated saints. The difference between these and the posts in the Court represents the difference between the condition of the justified believers and the sanctified believers. T114

[Exod. 37:1]

Made the ark — It represented the eternal purpose of God for mankind in The Christ, Head and Body. T121

[Exod. 37:2]

With pure gold — Representing the divine nature. T18, T20

[Exod. 37:6]

The mercy seat — Representing the underlying principle of Jehovah's character-justice. T124

[Exod. 37:7]

He made two cherubims — Representing divine love and power. T125

Out of one piece — All the divine attributes are in perfect harmony. T125

[Exod. 37:9]

Mercy seatward — Neither love nor power can be exercised until justice is fully satisfied; hence they look inward towards justice to know when to move. T125

[Exod. 37:10]

Made the table — Representing the Church as a whole, holding forth the word of life. T115; R5418:5

[Exod. 37:17]

Made the candlestick — Representing the entire Church, the true light-bearers. T116
Representing the light of God's truth. R5621:6, R5418:5

Of beaten work — We feel almost discouraged sometimes at the knocks and blows we receive, forgetting that the branches must be like the shaft — all of beaten work. R243:5*

[Exod. 37:19]

The fashion of almonds — In the almond tree fruit buds appear before leaves. So with the Royal Priesthood: they begin to sacrifice, or bring forth fruit, before the leaves of profession are seen. T122

A knop and a flower — Representing the true Church as both beautiful and fruitful from first to last. T116

[Exod. 37:25]

The incense altar — The Golden altar in the Holy represents the Church in the sacrificing condition. T120
Representing the privileges of worship and prayer. R5418:5

The horns thereof — Symbols of power. T42

[Exod. 37:29]

Holy anointing oil — Typifying the holy Spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650; R5654:5

The pure incense — The sweet incense beaten small represented the perfection of the man Jesus. When he came in contact with the trials of life (fire) he yielded perfect obedience to the divine will-a sweet perfume. T56, T120
The prayers of God's people rise up before him as a sweet perfume. R5692:5

[Exod. 38:1]

He made the altar — Representing Christ's ransom sacrifice. T22

[Exod. 38:2]

He made the horns — Symbols of power. T42

With brass — Copper; symbol of perfect human nature. T18

[Exod. 38:8]

The laver of brass — Aaron had to be washed in order fitly to represent the purity of Jesus. T29
Symbolizing the putting away of filthy practices — lying, stealing, slander, envy, strife, back-biting, etc. R1543:6, R3054:2

Lookingglasses — Polished copper mirrors. R117:1*

[Exod. 38:9]

He made the court — Representing the condition of justification. T19
Representing the justified condition. In proportion as those in the Court advance toward the Holy, in that proportion they draw nigh to God and experience a measure of justification or harmony with God, leading to complete justification. R4745:3
See comments on Exodus 27:9.
In the present time, the Court represents the condition of all those who, exercising faith in God, are approaching nearer and nearer to him and his service-a condition of divine favor. R4922:5, R5418:3

Hangings of the court — Representing, to those within, a wall of faith; but to those without, a wall of unbelief which hinders their view of and access to the holy things within. T18

Fine twined linen — Representing Christ's righteousness. T36, T114

[Exod. 38:10]

Their pillars — Representing justified believers. T113

Their brasen sockets — Copper; representing that, though actually imperfect, the standing of the justified believer is that of a perfect human being. T113

Hooks ... of silver — Silver being a symbol of truth, justified believers, pillars, can truthfully claim that Christ's righteousness (the linen curtain) covers all their imperfections. T114
The Great Company class was represented by the "silver." R4745:6

[Exod. 38:18]

For the gate — "I am the way" (John 14:6) "I am the door" (John 10:9). There is only one way of access to God. T18

[Exod. 39:2]

Made the ephod — Type of the Abrahamic covenant (front part) and the New covenant (back part) T30

Of gold — Representing divine power. T34

Blue — Representing the ability faithfully to maintain his righteous character. T34

And purple — Proclaims the royal power of the Kingdom cooperating. T34

And scarlet — Representing redemption from the Adamic curse through the blood of the ransom. T34

Fine twined linen — Indicating the restoration of man to his original purity. T34

[Exod. 39:4]

Shoulderpieces — Golden clasps representing divine power to enable Christ to carry out the terms of both covenants. T30

[Exod. 39:5]

The curious girdle — Representing a servant. "The messenger (servant) of the covenant whom ye delight in." (Mal. 3:1) T33

[Exod. 39:8]

The breastplate — Type of the Law. T34

[Exod. 39:9]

A span — Indicating that the Law of God is the full measure of a perfect man's ability. T35

Being doubled — Representing the spirit and letter of the Law; the front part, which bore the jewels, representing the spirit of the Law, fulfilled in us "who walk not after the flesh, but after the spirit" (Rom. 8:4) the back part representing the Law in letter as presented to fleshly Israel. T35

[Exod. 39:10]

Four rows of stones — Representing the true Israel, the "Little Flock." "They shall be mine, saith the Lord of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels." (Mal. 3:17) T36

[Exod. 39:15]

Work of pure gold — Indicating that the Law is divine and that we are upheld by the golden chain of divine promises. T36

[Exod. 39:20]

The ephod underneath — As the Israelites regarded them, not seeing the hidden connection, the Abrahamic covenant and the Law were all one. T34

[Exod. 39:22]

The robe of blue — Symbol of Christ's faithfulness. T30

[Exod. 39:24]

Pomegranates — Representing that the faithful performance of the Redeemer's work of sacrifice has borne rich fruit. T30

[Exod. 39:25]

Bells of pure gold — The golden bells signifying that when our High Priest appears in glory the fruit of his sacrificial work will be proclaimed to all. T30

[Exod. 39:27]

Coats of fine linen — Representing the righteousness of Jesus imputed to his Body members. T36

For Aaron — Representing our High Priest, Christ. T36, T116; E449

And for his sons — Representing the members of Christ's Body. T36

[Exod. 39:28]

A mitre of fine linen — A strip of fine white linen, typical of righteousness, worn around the forehead, to which the golden plate, or crown, was fastened. T29

And goodly bonnets — To indicate that they were not the head of the priesthood but merely members of the body. God gave Jesus "to be the head over all things to the church, which is his body." (Eph. 1:22, 23) T36

[Exod. 39:29]

And a girdle — Indicating a righteous servant. T30

[Exod. 39:30]

HOLINESS TO THE LORD — Thus proclaiming Christ's entire devotion to the accomplishment of Jehovah's purposes. T30

[Exod. 39:31]

A lace of blue — Showing that the crown was righteously his. T29

[Exod. 39:32]

Thus was all the work — God's minute instructions respecting the Tabernacle were only for the lessons it would convey to us. Its Court, Holy and Most Holy, its furniture, priests and sacrifices illustrated the most important features of the divine plan. PD36

[Exod. 40:2]

The tabernacle — Was not a church edifice or a place of worship for Israel. R3053:3
Only the tribe of Levi were permitted in the Court. R3053:6

[Exod. 40:3]

Put therein the ark — It represented the eternal purpose of God for mankind in The Christ, Head and Body. T121

With the vail — The passing of the second veil represented the death of the human body. T21

[Exod. 40:4]

Bring in the table — Representing the Church as a whole, holding forth the word of life. T115

The candlestick — Representing the entire Church, the true light-bearers. T116

[Exod. 40:5]

The altar of gold — The Golden altar in the Holy represents the Church in the sacrificing condition. T120
The spiritual privileges, praises, prayers and communion which we have with the Lord R3054:2

Hanging of the door — Symbol of the death of the human will. T21

[Exod. 40:6]

Set the altar — Representing Christ's ransom sacrifice. T22
Representing primarily the perfection of the man Christ Jesus. R3053:6

[Exod. 40:7]

Set the laver — Aaron had to be washed in order fitly to represent the purity of Jesus. T29
Symbolizing the putting away of filthy practices — lying, stealing, slander, envy, back-biting, etc. R1543:6, R3054:2

[Exod. 40:8]

Set up the court — Representing the condition of justification. T19; R3053:6
Representing the justified condition. In proportion as those in the Court advance toward the Holy, in that proportion they draw nigh to God and experience a measure of justification or harmony with God, leading to complete justification. R4745:3
In the present time the Court represents the condition of divine favor of all who, exercising faith in God, are approaching nearer and nearer to him. R4922:5, R5418:3
We might also understand that the Levites in the Court very fittingly represent all those who desire to turn from sin and approach God, making progress toward complete justification. R4878:1
While the Court condition seems to represent at the present time all those who are approaching God, it appears as though with the close of this age the Great Company is represented by the Court condition thereafter. R4878:4
Only the Levites will be in the Court. In its last analysis, the Court represents the spirit-begotten ones separated from the world. R4745:6
The Israelites in general were not permitted within even the outermost of the Tabernacle enclosures, the Court. R3053:6

Hanging at the court gate — "I am the way," "I am the door." There is only one way of access to God. T18

[Exod. 40:9]

The anointing oil — Typifying the holy Spirit. T29, T37, T116; D650; R5654:5

[Exod. 40:12]

And his sons — As the priests must be Levites, so those who would be of the Royal Priesthood must have been justified believers. R3054:1

Door of the tabernacle — Consecration, full and complete. R3054:2

And wash them — Aaron had to be washed in order fitly to represent the purity of Jesus. T29
Symbolizing the putting away of filthy practices — lying, stealing, slander, envy, back-biting, etc. R1543:6, R3054:2

[Exod. 40:13]

The holy garments — Symbolizing the heavenly grandeur, honors and glories of Messiah during his reign. OV127:5
Clad in his robes of glory, the High Priest represented Messiah blessing mankind. PD36

And anoint him — The anointing came upon Aaron only at first; but upon each of his sons as they succeeded him to the office of chief priest. F131; Q689:3
The High Priest was anointed with oil, which constituted the divine evidence of his call to the priestly office. SM598:2

[Exod. 40:15]

Shalt anoint them — The anointing came upon Aaron only at first; but upon each of his sons as they succeeded him to the office of chief priest. F131; Q689:3

[Exod. 40:20]

The mercy seat — The mercy seat, glory-light and cherubim together represented Jehovah God. T123

[Exod. 40:22]

He put the table — Representing the Church as a whole, holding forth the word of life. T115

[Exod. 40:23]

The bread in order — Representing the truth, the word of life. T22, T115
Spiritual food. R5418:5, R5621:6

[Exod. 40:24]

Put the candlestick — Representing the entire Church, the true light-bearers. T116
Representing the light of God's truth. R5621:6, R5418:5

[Exod. 40:25]

Lighted the lamps — Symbolizing the enlightenment of the holy Spirit. R3054:4

[Exod. 40:26]

Before the vail — And not in the Most Holy, as Heb. 9:4, where there is either a slip of the tongue by St. Paul, or an error by his amanuensis. Q702:3

[Exod. 40:34]

Then a cloud — A manifestation of God's protecting care over them as his people. R4028:3, R4029:5

Covered the tent — Teaching that God should be the center of all ambition and activity, spirituality and veneration first, in the center of our affections. R4028:3, R4029:6

Glory of the LORD — The enlightenment of the holy Spirit has been with us, an ever present help and guide. R4029:6

Filled the tabernacle — Showing God's approval of the Tabernacle. R1237:4
When we were begotten of the holy Spirit and God took up his abode with us, the glory of the Lord filled us. R4029:6

[Exod. 40:36]

When the cloud — If all brethren look to the Lord for guidance, then all are ready for his leading, whether to move or to stay. R4098:6
Whoever comes into harmony with the divine arrangement will be brought into touch with all others who are in fellowship with the Father and his glorious plan. R4028:5